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LIBRARY 

OF  THE 

University  of  California. 

RECEIVED   BY  EXCHANGE 

Class    !=.'l'l.^' 


A 


BY 


y 


PART  1.      rM  jvuM    h 


SUBMITTED  IN  PARTIAL  FULFILLMENT  OF  THE  REQUIREMENTS 

FOR  THE  DEGREE  OF  DOCTOR  OF  PHILOSOPHY  IN 

THE  FACULTY  OF  PHILOSOPHY, 

/COLUMBIA  UNIVERSITY 


COLUMBIA  UNIVERSITY 


A 


(Utobern  ^^riac^cBnjfie^  ^icHomx^ 


BY 


JEl6ra§am  ^o^annan  <E.  QU. 


P^i^T  1. 


SUBMITTED  IN  PARTIAL  FULFILLMENT  OF  THE  REQUIREMENTS 

FOR  THE  DEGREE  OF  DOCTOR  OF  PHILOSOPHY  IN 

THE  FACULTY   OF  PHILOSOPHY, 

COLUMBIA  UNIVERSITY 


r&IRJ^- 


^    OF   TH 

UNJVERl  I 

OF  / 


COLUMBIA  UNIVERSITY 
1900. 


Uc^^ 


OF  THE 

i'NIVERSITY 

OF 


\1oo 


PREFACE. 


The  difficulties  which  confronted  me  in  compiling  this  dic- 
tionary were  numerous.  There  was  no  previous  work  of  which 
I  could  avail  myself  as  a  guide.  Of  modern  Syriac  literature 
beyond  a  number  of  books  on  religious  subjects  which  have  been 
translated  chiefly  from  English  and  printed  by  the  missionaries, 
there  is  almost  nothing  that  is  worth  the  name;  and  the  religious 
Hterature  scarcely  touches  upon  the  vernacular  and  idiom  of  a  people 
of  whom  a  great  majority  are  ilhterate.  This  illiteracy  has  fostered 
the  division  of  modern  Syriac  into  numerous  dialects.  The  rehgious 
books  have  issued  from  the  presses  of  three  different  missions, 
the  American,  the  English  and  the  French.  All  of  these  being 
stationed  in  Urmi  have,  it  is  true,  taken  the  dialect  of  that  place 
for  their  standard;  but  while  the  American  mission  has  kept  more 
strictly  to  this  dialect,  the  English  and  the  French  show  a  tendency 
to  admit  pecuUarities  of  other  dialects.  They  therefore  differ 
from  each  other  considerably  in  orthography  and  pronunciation. 
Each  mission  has  its  own  peculiar  way  of  spelling  certain  classes 
of  words.  The  French  Cathohc  missionaries  have  been  influenced 
to  some  extent  by  the  Salamas  dialect,  for  one  of  their  fields 
of  work  lies  in  that  region.  Missionaries  of  the  Church  of 
England,  on  the  other  hand,  are  trying  to  introduce  more  of 
the   mountain   dialects,  which  show  a  tendency  to  recur  to  the 


210502 


rv 

classical  Syriac.  A  great  confusion  has  naturally  resulted 
from  this. 

My  interest  in  the  Modern  Syriac  vocabulary  has  greatly 
increased  since  1886,  when  I  engaged  in  the  revision  of  the  Scrip- 
tures in  Modern  Syriac,  under  the  auspices  of  the  American  Bible 
Society.  My  work  began  to  assume  shape  in  1893  and  1894  after 
I  had  received  my  appointment  at  Columbia  University,  New 
York.  Here  I  had  almost  all  the  apparatus  that  was  needed.  In 
its  library  are  represented  almost  all  of  the  modern  Syriac  dialects. 

I  desire  to  make  grateful  acknowledgement  of  my  deep  in- 
debtedness to  Professor  R.  J.  H.  Gottheil  for  his  valuable  sug- 
gestions, and  his  assistance  in  reading  the  manuscript  and  proof. 
He  placed  at  my  disposal  the  books  in  his  library  referring  to 
the  subject,  and  has  given  me  much  encouragement  to  continue 
the  work.  My  cordial  thanks  are  also  due  to  my  friend  and 
colleague  Prof.  A.  V.  W.  Jackson  for  the  personal  interest  he  has 
taken  in  the  work  from  the  beginning,  and  for  reading  the 
manuscript  and  proof  sheets.  I  am  greatly  indebted  to  Dean 
Maclean's  Grammar  of  the  Vernacular  Syriac,  (Cambridge,  1895), 
which  has  been  indispensable  in  compiHng  this  dictionary,  and 
whose  method  I  have  often  adopted.  Of  other  works  which  I 
have  used,  I  can  only  mention  Duval's  Les  Dialectes  Neo-Ara- 
meens  de  Salamas  (Paris,  1883),  and  Socin's  Neu-Aramaeische 
Dialekte  von  Urmia  his  Mosul,  (Tiibingen,  1882)  as  well  as  Lidz- 
barski's  Neu-Aramdische  Handschriften  in  the  Semitistische  Studien, 
(Weimar,  1894)  and  Prym  and  Socin,  Der  Neu-Aramdische  Dia- 
lekt  des  Tur  Ahdin  (G-ottingen,  1881).  Noldeke's  Grammatik  der 
Neusyrischen  Sprache  (Leipzig,  1868),  and  Stoddard's  Grammar 
of  Modern  Syriac  Language  (New  York,  1856)  have  been  of 
great  help  in  the  work.  To  determine  the  origin  of  a  few  loan- 
words I  have  occasionally  had  recourse  to  Paul  de  Lagarde's 
Gesammelte  Abhandlungen  (Leipzig,  1866). 


I  obtained  lately  the  Dictionnaire  de  la  Langue  Chaldeenne, 
by  Mgr.  J.  Audo  (Mossoul,  1897),  and  Grammaire  de  la  Langue 
Arameenne  by  Mgr.  David,  archbishop  of  Damascus,  and  have 
availed  myself  of  the  help  they  could  afford  me;  and  I  owe  my 
thanks  also  to  the  printing  office  of  Mr.  W.  Drugulin,  Leipzig, 
for  the  careful  and  prompt  despatch  of  the  work. 

ABRAHAM  YOHANNAN. 

Columbia  University, 
in  the  City  of  New  York. 


INTEODUCTION. 


The  Syriac  speaking  community  is  found  today  in  the  dis- 
strict  which  Ues  between  Lake  Urmi\  Lake  Van,  the  River 
Tigris  and  the  city  of  MosuP. 

The  question  as  to  the  origin  of  the  Syrians  is  one  difficult 
to  answer.  Certain  European  travelers  have  held  that  the 
Nestorians  have  a  Jewish  type  of  countenance,  and  have  tried 
to  identify  them  with  the  Ten  Lost  Tribes  of  IsraeP.  They 
have  been  led  to  this  because  of  certain  points  of  similarity 
which  Nestorians  and  Jews  seem  to  have  in  common  —  phy- 
siognomy, language*,  religious    observances   and  social  customs. 


^  It  is  wi'itten  in  various  forms,  as  ^io:,  %*io3oi,  o^boJ,  o;.!p3oi,  oj^iol 
and  in  Persian,  {^^)\  i^^^>  "^^tv^^^^  C5^J3^  '^•C^A)^  *"Cr^J^'  "^^^  Nestorians 
etymologize  the  word  as  meaning  'place  of  water'.  See  Noldeke's  Grammatik 
der  Neusyrischen  Sprache,  Einleitung,  p.  XXII.  Urmi  is  sometimes  called 
jSga?  lL^\j\>,  'the  place  of  pleasure'.  The  Eastern  Syrians  write  it  ^soi  in- 
variably. The  name  ^bol  might  have  some  relation  to  the  word  Ormazd,  the 
adjective  of  it  in  Mountain  dialects  is,  iJll^boi,  perhaps  a  corruption  of  i^st^hoi 
'a  man  of  Urmi.'     s>*io3oo7  it  used  now  as  a  man's  name. 

^  Comp.  Maclean.  Grammar  of  Vernacular  Syriac,  Introduction  p.  IX, 
Map  of  the  Assyrian  or'  Chaldean  Country,  in  the  Annual  Eeports  of  the  Arch- 
hishop^s  Mission  to  the  Assyrian  Christians. 

^  Grant.     The  Nestorians-,  or,  the  Lost  Tribes,  pp.  192 — 253. 

*  Gottheil.  The  Judceo -Aramaean  Dialect  of  Salamas,  JAOS.  XV,  pp. 
297—310.     New  York,  1892;  Lowy  in  Trans.  Soc.  Bill  Arc.  lY,  p.  98;  VI, 


vn 

This  identity  has,  however,  in  no  measure  been  proven,  for  the 
very  reason,  if  for  no  other,  that  the  diversity  of  types  among 
the  Eastern  Syrians  makes  it  hard  to  presuppose  a  common 
ancestry  for  them  all.  The  people  of  Tiari,  for  instance,  seem 
to  be  an  entirely  different  type  from  most  of  the  other  Syrians. 
Their  complexion  is  generally  ruddy  brown  and  their  features 
are  small  and  sharply  defined.  The  most  that  can  be  said  is 
that  the  Nestorians  of  Jelu^  have  a  more  Jewish  type  of  counte- 
nance than  any  of  the  other  Nestorians. 

According  to  the  generally  accepted  view  the  Syrians  were 
first  known  as  ^^^joSi  or  ^Ljoal:  ^,  that  is  Arameans,  and  their  language 
is  spoken  of  as  ii^ii'si  or  fy^ii>'i'i,  that  is  Aramaic.  The  language  of 
the  New  Testament  seems  to  make  a  distinction  between  yi>si 
and  ySfii,  and  Syriac  grammarians,  lexicographers  and  commentators 
agree  as  regards  this  distinction.  The  former  expression  is  used 
to  designate  the  Hellenists  or  Pagans  and  the  latter  is  applied  to 
Syriac  Christians.  In  course  of  time,  however,  the  designation,  iiliotb 
or  ill->aa  or  ;:j>oo  'Syrian'  came  to  be  substituted  for  Aramean  be- 
cause the  latter  expression  seemed  to  smack  of  heathenism  ^  So 
far,  indeed,  did  this  dislike  of  things  Aramean  go,  that  the 
Syrian  Christians   despised   even  their   early  Aramaic  literature 

p.  600,  London,  1878.  J.  Perkins.  JAOS.  II,  p.  91,  New  York,  1849—50. 
Noldeke.  ZDMGr.  XXXVII,  p.  602,  Leipzig,  1883.  Duval.  Les  Dialectes 
Neo-Arameens  de  Salanias,  Paris  1883.  Maclean.  Grammar  of  Vernacular  Syriac, 
Cambridge,  1895.  "Wright.  Comparative  Grammar  of  the  Semitic  Languages, 
p.  20,  Cambridge,  1890.  Socin.  Die  Neu-Aramaeischen  Dialekte  von  Urmia 
bis  Mosul,  Einleitung,  p.  V.,  Tubingen,   1882. 

^  Maclean.     Grammar  of  Vernacular  Syriac,  Introduction,  p.  XIII. 

2  Payne  Smith.  Thesaurus  Syriacus,  under  ^l^si  and  ;^iox&.  Audo.  Die- 
tionnaire  de  la  Langue  Chaldeenne,  Introduction,  p.  9.  Mosul,  1896.  David. 
Granimaire  de  la  Langue  Aramaeenne,  Introduction,  p.  10.     Mosul,   1896. 

^  "Wright.  Comimrative  Grammar  of  the  Semitic  Languages,  p.  15.  Nol- 
deke in  Hermes,  1871,  p.  443  and  ZDMG.  XXV,  p.  113.  David.  Grammaire 
de  la  Langue  Arameenne.  Introduction  p.  11.  Audo.  Dictionnaire  de  la  Langue 
Chaldeenne.     Introduction,  p.  9. 


vm 

and  probably  destroyed  it  because  it  was  heathenish.  The  term 
^Hato  is  generally  admitted  to  have  been  given  to  the  people  by 
the  Greeks,  although  Syrian  national  tradition  holds  that  it 
was  in  use  long  before  the  designation  Aramean,  and  that  the 
Greeks  got  it  from  the  Arameans.  The  Nestorians  claim  further 
that  in  reality  they  should  be  called  ^io^j,  that  is  Assyrians, 
and  that  the  word  ^-aoo  is  merely  a  Christian  adaptation  of  the 
original.  In  this  connection  it  may  be  worth  noting  that  the 
Armenians  call  the  Syrians  Athori,  and  the  country  Athorestan\ 
and  there  is  in  truth  a  certain  similarity  in  the  shape  of  the 
head  and  the  physiognomy  of  the  old  Assyrians  as  engraved 
upon  their  ancient  monuments  with  the  features  of  the  Syrians 
of  today,  especially  in  Mosul,  Albak,  etc.  Noldeke  has  long  ago 
proven  that  the  word  Syria  is  merely  a  shortened  form  of  As- 
syria. Furthermore  the  Syrians  insist  that  the  term  ifi^i  was  a 
misnomer  given  by  the  Jews  to  all  who  were  outside  the  pale 
of  Judaism. 

There  is  still  another  designation  for  the  Syrians.  In  recent 
times  the  name  ^laia  'Chaldeans'  has  been  adopted  by  Latin  mis- 
sionaries for  them  ^,  though  its  use  is  confined  almost  exclusively 
to  those  Syrians  who  have  joined  the  CathoHc  church.  This 
appellation  is  quite  inexact,  as  the  Syrians  themselves  use  this 
word  to  designate  astrologers. 

The  Syrians  of  Persia  probably  number  about  sixty  thou- 
sand souls.  They  are  located  in  the  plains  of  Urmi,  Salamas 
and  Sulduz; — plains  which  lie  to  the  West  of  Lake  Urmi. 
Salamas  is  near  the  northern  end  of  the  lake,  Sulduz  near  the 
southern,  and  Urmi  between  the  two.     From  the  diversity  seen 


^  Aucher.     A  Dictionary,  Armenian  and  English,  V.  II,  Venice,  1821. 

2  Badger.  The  Nestorians  and  their  Bituals,  I,  p.  179.  Grant.  The  Nesto- 
rians,  p.  170.  Smith  and  D wight  Missionary  Researches  V.  II,  p.  186. 
Duval.     Les  Dialectes  Neo-Arameens  de  Salamas,  p.  II. 


in  their  speech  one  might  be  inclined  to  think  that  the  inhabi- 
tants of  these  districts  migrated  hither  at  different  periods  and 
from  different  locahties.  It  seems  probable  that  they  all  came 
from  the  West\  as  migration  from  that  quarter  still  continues 
owing  to  the  more  comfortable  circumstances  in  which  the 
Syrians  Hve  in  Persia  than  in  Turkish  Kurdistan.  The  earliest 
dates  that  we  have  are  to  be  found  in  the  Estrangelo  inscrip- 
tions on  tomb-stones  in  Salamas,  which  begin  as  early  as 
the  seventh  century^.  It  is  said  that  there  was  a  Nestorian  bishop 
at  Urmi  as  early  as  the  thirteenth  century ^  In  1281  Mar 
Joseph,  the  bishop  of  Salamas,  assisted  in  the  consecration  of 
the  patriarch  Mar  Yab-Alaha,  and  Salamas  is  spoken  of  as  the 
seat  of  an  archbishop  in  1576*.  In  1600  we  read  of  a  patriarch 
in  Urmi.  In  Ushnug,  in  the  vicinity  of  Sulduz,  there  was  a 
CathoHcos  in  the  year  1289. 

The  Syriac  language  itself  is  called  in  the  Urmi  dialect 
fts*;;->oC);  in  the  mountain  dialect  is?aO);  m  Mesopotamia  ft^itjjb; 
and  further  West  in  Jabal  Ttir  ^boo^  Modern  Syriac  is  called 
;^£i,  ;ixis,  that  is,  'the  new  language';  }i>iokoui  ^,  'the  colloquial 
or  vernacular';  ;axod  ^,  'the  translated  language';  while  the 
classical  Syriac  is  caUed  ;a^t>l  iisS,  'the  old  language';  ^a^a  ^x!s,  'the 
language  of  the  books';  and  49**^  ^j  'the  literary  language'.^ 

This  dictionary  contains  over  fifty  thousand  words  reaUy  in 
use,  besides  the  numerous  derivatives,  and  distinct  from  the  proper 
names  of  persons  and  many  geographical  names  which  compose 


^  Maclean.     Grammar  of  Vernacular  Syriac,  p.  XIII. 

2  Duval.     Les  Dialectes  Neo-Arameens  de  Salamas,  p.  IV. 

^  Comp.  Noldeke.  Grammatik  der  Neusyrischen  Sprache,  pp.  XXI — XXIII. 
Assemani.  B.  0.  III.  II.  707.  Duval.  Les  Dialectes  Neo-Arameens  de  Salamas, 
p.  III. 

*  Duval.     Les  Dialectes  Neo-Arameens  de  Salamas,  p.  lY. 

^  David.     Grammaire  de  la  Langue  Arameenne.     Introduction,  p.  9. 

®  Comp.  Maclean.     Grammar  of  the  Vernacular  Syriac,  p.  X. 


the  appendix.    The  few  words  which  are  rarely  used  have  been 
usually  marked  as  such. 

An  attempt  has  been  made  in  the  dictionary  to  trace  every 
foreign  word  to  its  origin  and  to  give  it  in  the  script  of  the 
language  from  which  it  comes. 

It  is  hardly  necessary  to  state  that  whenever  a  foreign  word 
is  designated  as  of  Arabic  origin,  it  is  to  be  understood  that  it 
has  been  also  employed  in  Persian  and  Turkish,  and  if  it  comes 
from  Persian,  the  same  word  is  also  used  in  Turkish.  In  other 
words,  the  intermediate  languages  between  the  original  one  and 
the  Syriac,  are  not  given. 

There  are  as  yet  no  uniform  or  fixed  rules  in  Syriac  for 
spelling  or  transUteration  of  the  words  of  foreign  origin,  and 
the  usage  is  rather  an  arbitrary  one.  As  an  illustration,  the 
Arabic  word  oLj!  might  be  spelled  phonetically,  tf^-xai,  Mo:, 
fiorg2,  tsh^i,  fto^,  ish^,  Naus^,  fisW,  ^^^:,  isk>.:,  consequently  an  attempt 
has  been  made  to  group  together  the  various  forms  of  spelling 
which  are  most  common,  at  the  end  of  the  definition  of 
a  word. 

The  long  vowel  or  I  in  the  middle  of  the  Arabic,  Persian 
and  Turkish  words  is  represented  by  the  Syriac  ^kapa  — ,  as  oal 
abad,  for  4>L!,  ^^'o:  oulagh  for  c^f,  although  the  vowel  zliapa  — 
is  often  short.  For  instance,  the  two  vowels  in  the  word  mj 
may  be  either  short  or  long,  each  reading  having  a  different 
meaning,  e.  g.  the  short  form  aa'i  abad,  'eternity',  long  form  mi 
abdd,  'cultivated',  'inhabited'  (land). 

The  Turkish  ^  is  often  changed  into  Syriac  A^  as  ;:^2  for 
UJ,  and  the  endings  ^,  «J  and  dU  into  *^,  e.  g.  ^ifsooi  for 
JULlu-^I,  -^2  for  (J^f,  etc.  In  the  Mountain  dialects  for  the 
endings  in  the  words  as  stated  above,  the  letter  -  is  chiefly 
used.  The  sound  of  -.  in  the  singular  of  words  is  pronounced  as 
.i^  in  the  plural,  e.  g.  --s^,  -^fto,  ^i>ft>,  ^X-^'^?  although  it  would 


XI 


be  wrong  to  write   ;,v3fis.     The  Turkish  termination  ^  is  usu- 
ally written  -e. 

There  are  many  words  in  Modern  Syriac  which  have  their 
origin  in  Arabic,  Persian,  or  Turkish ;  but  since  they  have  come 
into  Syriac  through  Kurdish,  they  are  written  and  pronounced 
after  the  Kurdish  manner;  as  -*i*A)i,  «x.i,  ^^^j,  *Ji:  while  in  the 
original  they  are  «joi,  jtiu,  ;i^o*,  mj.  The  *  in  the  beginning  of 
a  great  number  of  words  in  the  Mountain  dialects  is  pronounced 
as  ;,  which  is  the  Kurdish  method  of  pronunciation. 

Parts  of  the  verb  which  are  not  much  used  have  not  been 
fully  given;  nor  the  feminine  plural  when  it  does  not  differ  from 
the  masculine.  The  words  ending  in  ;k—  and  }'i^a —  being  easily 
understood  as  feminine,  it  was  deemed  unnecessary  to  mark  them 
as  such. 

A  hybrid  word  is  indicated  by  the  letters  which  represent 
the  languages  out  of  which  the  word  is  constructed.  Thus,  the 
word  ;No*ajajoJsi2  is  indicated  by  the  letters  A.T.  S.  which  means, 
the  first  part  of  the  word  is  Arabic,  the  middle  Turkish  and 
the  last  part  Syriac. 

The  verbs  which  have  been  prefixed  with  a  vowelless  », 
thus  »^(»),  are  pronounced  both  with  and  without  the  sound 
of  40.     ^  bashil  or  ^iaaa  mhashil  'to  cook'. 

Whatever  may  be  the  origin  of  Modern  Syriac,  whether  it 
be  a  descendant  or  a  sister  speech  of  the  classical  Syriac  or  of 
a  more  ancient  tongue,  it  is  certain  that  it  has  been  influenced 
greatly  by  outside  languages;  in  Persia  by  Persian  and  Turkish, 
in  Kurdistan  by  Kurdish  and  Tui'kish,  and  further  west  (especi- 
ally in  Jabal  Tur)  by  Arabic. 

The  Modern  Syriac  may  be  divided  into  several  dialects 
which  for  convenience  have  been  put  into  the  following  five 
groups \ 

^  Comp.  Maclean.     Grammar  of  the  Vernacular  Syriac,  p.  X. 


1.  THE  URMI  DIALECTS.  Stllduz,  Tekka  Ardishai,  Giogtapa, 
Gulpashan,   Sipurghan,   Gavilan,  whicli  do  not  aspirate  ?  and  ts. 

2.  THE  NORTHERN  DIALECTS.  Salamas,  Kudshanis,  Gawar, 
Jelu.  (The  last  three  are  frequently  uicluded  in  the  Mountain 
Dialects,)  which  drop  ^  at  the  end  of  a  word  or  substitute  © 
for  it. 

3.  THE  MOUNTAIN  OR  ASHIRAT  DIALECTS.  Tiari,  Tkhuma,  Baz, 
Ashitha,  Marbishu,  Shamsdin,  Targawar,  Margawar  and  some 
smaller  districts  and  villages.     These  aspirate  ,?  and  ^. 

4.  THE  SOUTHERN  DIALECTS.  Alkosh,  TelMef,  Bohtan,  Zakhu. 
These  also  aspirate  ,?  and  ^. 

5.  The  dialect  of  Tur  Abdin  or  Jabal  Tur. 

The  people  of  neighboring  villages  are  generally  able  to 
converse  with  each  other  fairly  well,  but  as  the  geographical 
distance  between  them  increases  they  become  more  and  more 
unintelligible  to  each  other,  so  much  so  that  the  dialects  of 
Urmi  in  the  extreme  East  and  of  Jabal  Tiir  in  the  extreme 
West  appear  to  be  almost  two  distinct  languages. 

The  foregoing  groups  might  easily  be  subdivided  into  minor 
dialects  difPering  from  each  other  in  the  pronunciation  of  certain 
words.  In  the  Urmi  dialect,  for  instance,  the  abstract  terminations 
ending  in  ;^o — ,  as  ;>.<m,»*o7,  ^^ft'^\y  are  pronounced  in  various  ways  in 
the  different  villages  of  the  Urmi  district.  The  word  for  'faith'  in 
Degala  and  in  most  of  the  neighboring  villages  is  pronounced 
iftsauLor,  while  in  Giogtapa,  within  five  miles  of  Degala,  it  is  pro- 
nounced ;k.oxk.6i  also  i^oXii  or  }L.;a^.  In  the  village  of  Sipurghan 
in  the  northern  part  of  the  Urmi  plain  it  is  pronounced  ;L^oi:xuaj 
also  ;fi>-.ai!i),  but  in  Gavilan  at  the  extreme  northern  end  it  is 
pronounced  ;ooi»*o7  or  }^oi»*6j,  just  as  in  Salamas.  It  seemed  to 
be  unnecessary  to  mention  in  the  dictionary,  all  of  these  ter- 
minations in  every  case. 

The  most  peculiar  dialect  in  Urmi  seems  to  be  that  of  Tekka 


xm 


Ardishai,  two  villages  at  the  soutliern  end  of  Urmi.  Here  zkwpa 
is  variously  pronounced,  as  a  in  cap;  a  in  fall;  e  in  fate.  As  an 
illustration,  the  sentence  }^  oi^  ijs^  iS<a  jiat-,*  ^  in  the  speech 
of  these  two  villages  is  pronounced,  bebi  kliishh  ber  teri  go 
yama,  'my  father  went  after  the  birds  into  the  sea',  while  in  all 
the  other  villages  of  the  Urmi  plain  it  is  read,  babi  khishli  bar 
tairi  gu  yama. 

It  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  these  variations  in  the  Urmi 
dialect  are  manifested  in  conversation  only,  the  spelling  being 
the  same  in  all. 

As  might  be  expected,  a  large  number  of  the  words  of 
foreign  origin  have  acquired  in  modern  Syriac  meanings  which 
deviate  more  or  less  from  those  in  the  languages  from  which  they 
come.  For  instance,  the  verb  Saii,  wliich  in  Syriac  means  'to 
fear',  is  derived  from  the  Arabic  ^jo,  which  there  means  'to 
ignore';  the  word  laA^i,  signifies  in  Syriac  'trouble,  affliction';  but 
jjis^t  in  Arabic  means  'a  hireling,  a  mercenary';  the  term  ^c^'5i 
means  'apparatus,  furniture',  in  Syriac;  while  x^^ul  in  Arabic 
signifies  'weapon,  arms',  and  ^Lsi.^Lot  something  else. 

The  speech  of  the  villagers  who  live  among  the  Mohamme- 
dans of  Urmi  is  of  a  motley  type;  in  some  instances  the  Turkish 
words  are  more  numerous  than  the  Syriac.  This  is  especially 
true  in  regard  to  the  people  who  live  along  the  upper  part  of 
the  Baranduz  River.  As  an  illustration  the  following  sentence 
will  sufiice:  e^o-aa  ^  ioo*  i^5^o^  x!^  'The  magpie  has  built  a 
nest  on  the  willow  tree'.  Here  the  first,  third  and  fifth  words, 
all  of  which  are  substantives,  are  Turkish,  while  only  the  second 
(a  verb)  and  the  fourth  (a  preposition)  are  Syriac.  In  some 
villages  Turkish  is  spoken  by  the  Syrians  more  fluently  than 
Syriac,  while  in  some  others,  Syriac  has  almost  entirely  been 
supplanted  by  Turkish. 

These  foreign  languages  have  to  a  certain  extent  afifected  also 


XIV 

the  pronunciation  of  some  of  the  consonants.  There  are  four 
explosive  or  emphatic  sounds  borrowed  chiefly  from  the  Kurdish, 
which  have  abeady  found  their  way  into  numerous  words  which 
are  of  pure  Syriac  origin.  As  the  Syriac  has  no  signs  by  which 
it  can  accurately  represent  these  sounds,  the  nearest  corre- 
sponding letter  has  been  adopted.  The  first  of  these  sounds  is 
the  emphatic  labial  which  is  represented  by  the  letters  ^  and  o 
indifferently;  thus,  oaai  or  oiai  or  oioi  or  oaoi  'hoopoe'.  The 
letter  ^  has  this  sound  in  words  like  ^^o^  'to  bleat',  i»h  'odd',  etc. 
The  second  is  the  sound  between  J^  and  ^;  as  instances  of  this 
may  be  cited  the  words  oaa  or  oi;i^  'father',  jSo  'deaf.  The  third 
is  the  emphatically  pronounced  ^  or  A^  as  in  the  following  words 
;aa  'weapon',  ;aa  'girl',  jsii^  or  ay^A,  'rags'.  The  fourth  one  might 
be  called  a  cerebro-dental,  or  the  cerebro-dental  sound  of  ^,  j^ 
and  ?.  Compare  the  following  words:  io^e\  'tail',  ^v^  'to  hum', 
;aN  or  ;aj?  'single  or  odd  number';  ?  in  the  word  so?  'return',  in 
Targawar  dialect  has  this  sound. 

From  the  fragments  of  the  poems  and  ballads  which  have 
been  written  in  the  Alkosh  dialect,  it  is  manifest  that  the  western 
Syrians  made  the  attempt  to  reduce  Modern  Syriac  into 
writing  as  early  as  the  17*^  century.  The  liturgical  Gospels  were 
written  in  the  18*^  century.  The  creed,  written  by  a  Roman 
Priest  in  Salamas  in  1827  and  pubHshed  by  R6diger\  is  a  good 
specimen  of  the  dialect  of  that  region.  But  all  of  these  works 
have  been  done  with  little  regard  to  etymology,  and  they  contain 
many  inconsistencies. 

The  first  scientific  attempt  to  reduce  Modern  Syriac  to 
writing  was  made  in  the  year  1836  by  the  American  Presby- 
terian missionaries  who  translated  the  scriptures  into  the  ver- 
nacular  of  Urmi.     There  the  New   Testament  was    printed  in 


ZKM.     Gottingen,  1839. 


XV 

1846,  the  Old  Testament  in  1852.  In  1863  the  American  Bible 
Society  in  New  York  published  a  pocket  edition  of  the  New 
Testament  and  the  Psalms.  A  revision  of  this  made  by  the 
Eev.  Dr.  Labaree  and  some  natives  was  printed  in  New  York 
in  1893.  An  edition  of  the  Gospels  in  the  Alkosh  dialect  was 
printed  at  Urmi  in  1873. 

The  American  missionaries  in  Urmi  have  been  justly  credited 
with  the  honor  of  being  pioneers  in  their  research  and  investi- 
gation of  Modern  Syriac. 


ABBREVIATIONS. 


LANGUAGES  AND  DIALECTS. 


A. 

=  Arabic. 

GUL. 

=  Gulpashan. 

Sh. 

=  Shamsdin. 

Alk. 

=  Alkosh. 

H. 

=  Hebrew. 

Skt. 

=  Sanskrit. 

Aram. 

=  Aramean. 

It. 

=  Italian, 

Sp. 

=  Sipurghan. 

Arm. 

=  Armenian. 

J. 

=  Jelu. 

T. 

=  Turkish. 

Ash. 

=  Ashirat. 

K. 

=  Kurdish. 

T.A. 

=  Tekka  Ardishai 

ASHITH. 

=  Ashitha. 

KUD. 

=  Kudshanis. 

Tar. 

=  Targawar. 

Ass. 

=  Assyrian. 

Mar. 

=  Marblshu. 

Tel. 

=  Telkief. 

B. 

=  Bohtan. 

Mt. 

=  Mountain  dialects. 

TiA. 

=  Tiari. 

CS. 

=  Classical  Syriac. 

P. 

=  Persian. 

Tkh. 

=  Tkhuma. 

Eng. 

=  English. 

R. 

=  Russian. 

TUR. 

=  Tur  Abdin. 

G. 

=  Greek. 

S. 

=  Syriac. 

U. 

=  Urmi. 

Gaw. 

=  Gawar. 

Sal. 

=  Salamas. 

z. 

=  Zakhu. 

GlOG. 

==  Giogtapa. 

GRAMMATICAL  TERMS. 


abs. 

=  absolute. 

inf. 

=  infinitive. 

per. 

=  perfect. 

adj. 

=  adjective. 

interj. 

=  interjection. 

plur. 

=  plural. 

adv. 

=  adverb. 

interr. 

=  interrogative. 

prep. 

=  preposition. 

ant. 

==  accented  on  the 

lit. 

=  literal. 

pres. 

=  present. 

antepenult. 

m. 

==  masculine. 

pron. 

=  pronoun. 

caus. 

=  causative. 

met. 

=  metaphorically. 

ptcpl. 

=  participle. 

coll. 

=  collective. 

myth. 

=  mythological. 

sing. 

=  singular. 

colloq. 

=  colloquial. 

n. 

=  noun. 

sub. 

=  substantive. 

conj. 

=  conjunctive. 

onom. 

=  onomatopoetic. 

ult. 

=  accented    on    the 

cons. 

=  construct. 

palp. 

=  palpel. 

ultima. 

def.  art 

=  definite  article. 

p.p. 

=  past  participle. 

var. 

=  variations. 

demon. 

=  demonstrative. 

p.pret. 

=  present  participle. 

V.  i. 

=  verb  intransitive. 

dim. 

=  diminutive. 

pen. 

=  accented    on    the 

V.  n. 

=  verbal  noun 

/. 

=  feminine. 

penult. 

V.  t. 

=  verb  transitive. 

indecl. 

=  indeclinable 

xvn 
AUTHORS. 

Duval  Sal.  =  Duval's  Les  Dialectes  Neo-Aramaeens  de  Salamas.    (Paris,  1883). 

Lizd.orLidz.S.S.=  Neu-Aramilische  Handschriften  von  Lidzbarski,  Semitistische  Studien, 

vols  4,  5.    (Weimar,  1894), 
Mac.  =  Maclean's  Grammar  of  the  Vernacular  Syriac.    (Cambridge,  1895). 

Nold.  =  Noldeke's  Grammatik  der  neusyrischen  Sprache.    (Leipzig,  1868). 

Sachau.  =  Sacbau's  Skizze  des  Fellichi  Dialekts  von  Mosul  (Berlin,  1895), 

Socin.  =  Socin's  Neuaramaische  Dialekte  von  Urmi  bis  Mosul.  (Tiibingen,  1882). 

Stodd,  =  Stoddard's  Grammar  of  the  Modern  Syriac  Language.  (New  York,  1856). 

The  Urmi  dialect  is  used  as  the  standard.  A  word  without  a  dialect  abbreviation 
is  to  be  considered  as  belonging  to  the  dialect  of  Urmi,  and  occasionally  as  being  used 
in  a  large  number  of  dialects. 

An  abbreviation  (for  a  dialect)  after  the  word  indicates  usually  the  name  of  the 
locality  for  which  the  abbreviation  stands,  but  the  word  is  not  necessarily  confined  to 
that  locality. 

For  convenience,  each  one  of  the  five  divisions  or  groups  of  dialects  is  re- 
presented generally  by  one  of  the  principal  dialects  of  that  division. 

Loan-words  are  given  in  the  brackets  at  the  beginning  of  the  definition,  the 
corresponding  words  in  the  other  languages  come  at  the  end. 

Mt.  and  Ash.  refer  often  to  the  Mountain  or  Kurdistan  dialects  in  general. 
Al.  and  Tel.  mean  the  same  dialect. 


MODEEN  SYEIAC-ENGLISH  DICTIONARY. 


f- 


I  Pronounced  alap,  allap,  alaph  and 
olapli,  the  first  letter  of  the  alphabet. 
It  is  written  %  after  S  and  ^;  2 
when  initial,  medial  and  after  a, 
a;  and  J  when  final. 

As  a  numeral  ^  denotes  1 ;  with 
one  dot  under  or  above  it  2  or  2 
=  1000;  with  a  dash  or  two  dots 
2  =  10  000. 

It  is  generally  a  soft  breathing 
(spiritus    lenis),   as   in    abo2',  2JS2, 

It  is  pronounced  as  ^  when  it  is 
preceded  by  another  I,  thus,  ^22, 
pronounced  ai2,  or  when  it  occurs 
as  the  middle  letter  of  the  active 
participle  in  verbs  with  weak  middle 
letter,  as  yjtlh  for  ^2h,  9y.3  for 
S29)  and  also  in  the  present  tense 
of  many  verbs   with   weak   initial 


letter,  as  ;I^^  for  ;Ifts;!s,   230*3 

for  230^3. 

It  sometimes  has  also  the  broad 

and     guttural     sound    of    ^,    in 

such  words  as  J^2,  3Ai2,   2^*32. 
<<    '      II    »'    '       » 

In  the  beginning  of  a  word  when 
without  a  vowel  J;  is  occult,  as 
If  ail,  ^y^2. 

A  voweUess  I  is  often  rejected 
from  the  beginning  of  a  word,  as 
y^  for  9ui2,  ^kh^  for  lk>^l,  t^f 
for  ^f2,  and  in  compound  words, 
as  ;u>3  for  ;u2i3 ,   ^2  for  ^2. 

It  is  usually  quiescent  at  the  end 
of  a  syllable,  as  ^a^i,  2"aS«^, 
23;^. 

I  prothetic  is  very  common,  as 

^IbOXj^  for  ;IbAX,  \^^.  ^^^'  \?3!- 
In  several  of  the  Mountain  dia- 
lects  I  is   prefixed    to    form    the 
1 


^\ 


generic  present  of  the  verbs,  as 
^2,  ^2,  ;oo72  (corresponding 
to  y,2  and  *  of  the  same  dialects, 
as  ^S3U2,  lyJtL,  and  a  or  ;a  of  the 
Urmi  dialect,  as  uS»aJa  or  »Sa2  Ja)- 
In  TuK.  J  is  prefixed  to  the  per- 
fect, thus,  .o^3^9  2y*l  JSJAIxI 
V       " '  " 

'I  kissed  the  hand  of  Pharaoh' 
Lidz.  S.  S.  65.  16;  ca^  ^^^l 
^a\b0  'I  bowed  to  the  king'. 

I  is  prefixed  to  the  Imperative, 
as  v^ou*3J^  for  ^omS,  ^atJbel  for 

It  precedes  the  particle  a,  as 
.a^3)[  for  .a»s,  and  a,  as  jal 

^oal  for  ^,  <.ou3. 

When  two  alaps  occur  together, 
II,    they  are  pronounced   as   one, 

e.  g.  ;;i,  ;iih. 

i  contracted,  is  placed  before  Jjp 
with  the  pronominal  suffixes,  as 
J^2  or  Jia*i  =  tw*iip  ^u2  'which 
one  of  them?'  i .  oacuboZ  'which  one 
of  you?'   t^bo2  'which  one  of  us?' 

It  is  in  numerous  cases  prefixed 
to  Greek  words  beginning  with  two 
consonants,  especially  when  the 
first  one  is  a  sibilant,  as  Jio*ikit&2, 


Zao^toj^,  ^jcaaa^HttZ,  and  to  He- 
brew words  beginning  with  ^  as 
bfiMjQSuiZ)    u!k*2. 

2  Probably  contracted  from  ^a]2]  used 
as  a  particle,  prefixed  chiefly  to  the 
first  word  of  an  interrogative  sen- 
tence, e.  g,  t^eu  ^aa  ^22 
'where  are  you  going  thus?'  otoJbl 
tiSOu  liOO^Ol  'why  are  you 
speaking?' 

2  TuE.  def.  art.  Evidently  a  contracted 
form  of  A=  ^2,  G.  g.  l^ioisH 
the  Assyrians,  ^btLsMil  the  wise 
men;   Lidz.  S.  S.  31.  7  and  45.  7. 

12  inter j.  A  call  or  cry  to  stop;  most 
commonly  used  in  guiding  water 
bufi'aloes;  haw. 

Ji2  interj.  An  exclamation  denoting 
surprise,  anxiety;  contempt. 

12  ttdv.  yea,  yes,  well. 

jli^w.  and/.  Dirtjbadness  (child's  word). 

^22  interj.  An  exclamation  expressing 
surprise,  anxiety  (reduplication  of  J,2). 

2^4,22(2'^ ")  Alk.    a  hired  laborer, 

a  hireling.     See  2y\2. 

^22  adj.  m.  Bad,  dirty  (child's  word). 

ail  (jQja — )  [g-  a-^p]  m.    Air. 

^2  w.     The    ancient   name    of   the 


Syrian  month,  which  at  present  is  cal- 
led 1  n.-'^V  1  answering  to  the  latter  part 
of  July  and  the  first  part  of  August. 

^2  [p.  <-J  water]  Used  only  as  a 
prefix  or  suffix  to  some  other  noun 
which  must  also  be  of  Persian  origin, 
e.  g.  2aafib2,  ^;^e\.  In  some 
cases  the  letter  J  is  dropped  and 
^  is   aspirated,  as  ^>*1S3,  k^oui. 

^2  (=  ^)  ^It.  pre}}.  In,  by,  through, 
used  only  with  the  pronominal  suf- 
fixes, thus  ^2,  .(QAOI32,  <^oal,  ya2. 
2  is  added  simply  for  the  sake 
of  euphony. 

}32  [cs.]  Father,  a  title  given  to  the 
Bishops  of  the  Syrian,  Coptic  and 
Ethiopic  churches. 

Jai  Abba,  father;  an  invocation  of 
God,  expressing  filial  affection. 

^2  TuR.  V.  t  To  give,  to  give  away. 
LiDz.  S.  S.  3.  15. 

<J3l3l  Mt.  ult  prep.  Along,  along  by, 
side  by  side  (reduplication  of  jal). 

aXai  The  first  of  the  six  groups  into 
which  the  Syriac  alphabet  is  divi- 
ded, or  the  arrangement  of  the  alpha- 
bet according  to  the  numerical  value 
of  the  letters,  as   follows     .3X^2 


.^xa^  .^^Ajo  .^^a^a  .^*V*  -9^^ 

7f6o5o,433i^23i; 

40  b9    30  i    20  a    10*    9^    8*. 

100  tJ  90^   80^  70^  60 JO   50  a 

400  is    300  X    200  3 

This  system  is  used  in  chrono- 
grams, astronomical  books  etc. 

ojiLsi  [p.  sl^T]  ult.  f.  A  reservoir,  a 
cistern. 

^liAai  (^' )  [v.  dJ'^yim.  A  pain- 
ted glass  knob  in  the  bottle  of 
a  water-pipe  or  hukkah;  rock- 
crystal;    a    foil    set    under    gems. 

AeM.    luinuilj^. 

^^32  (;*_)  [P.  J^>/Si]  m.  A 
ladle,  a  dipper. 

afll  [p-  ■>'^'^J   n.  and   adj.    inded.    A 

city;   habitation;   a    place  full   of 

buildings  and  inhabitants;  peopled, 

cultivated.     It  is  often   appended 

to  another  name  to  form  a  compound 

proper  name  of  city  or  place,  thus — 

aaio^i  ^^Uxjl   'the  city  of  God', 

aJii&bboii    >l3lu>M>^^     'the    city    of 

Ahmad',      or      colloq.      Xailaii^'l.) 

^ladboii  the  3  being  dropped  and 

the  »a  softened. 

9^2,  adi2  [a.  oS\]  J\    Eternity,  conti- 

1* 


^90  lata  i 


M>1 


nuity,  without  cessation,  aal  >3ai 
'for  ever'.  adi2  ^ai  9^2  ^  'from 
all  past  time  to  all  future  time, 
without  beginning  or  end'. 

^^loal  [A.  cr>.^"^^  ^\  or  >b\)\  j^\  lit. 
the  eternity  of  eternities]  ult.  world 
without  end,  ever  and  ever. 

oaoi,  ^aai  [H.  ]115«]  w.  The 
destroyer,  or  angel  of  the  bottomless 
pit;  destruction,  the  bottomless  pit. 

■VomI  [p.  ti'^M  (used  only  in  a  plural 
sense)  A  drink  made  of  .^flj.'y 
and  water;  whey;  buttermilk. 

;^oaa2  (;SJ — )  [A.  C^.^,\]  Eternity. 

^adii  [a.  o-^.>>-?\]  ult.  (plural  of  aal  but 
used  as  singular  in  Syriac)  eternity; 
always  construed  with  yal  e.  g. 
^yai  9k32  'ever  and  ever'?  J^oj 
MiSklai  piail  'for  ever  and  ever'. 

ASA^Stiai  «iv.    Eternally. 

;ILaa2,  coUoq.  ;^aa2  (^— )  ^^i- 

Eternal,  everlasting,  never  ending. 
^jLoal,  colloq.   Jl^iSkai  The  Eternal 

Being,  one  of  the  appellations  of  God 
;^o*L=k!32    (J&*— )    Eternity,  ever- 

lastingness. 
v^adii    [a.    Jl^M  lit.    changed    ones, 

or  converted]  m.  and  /.  (originally 


plural).  Abdal;  certain  persons 
through  whom  God  keeps  the  world 
in  existence  (their  number  is 
supposed  to  be  seventy;  they  are 
provided  by  God  to  further  the 
cause  of  the  true  faith  on  earth); 
a  Musulman  hermit,  a  monk,  an 
enthusiast,  a  pretender  to  inspira- 
tion; a  heedless  and  confiding  person 
who  takes  no  care  for  to-morrow  and 
trusts  entirely  to  providence;  a 
vagabond. 

uN^nSaai  (*'— )  [A. T. ^J\j^\] n.  and 
adj.  m.  one  who  receives  or  professes 
the  doctrine  of  J>«oajLau^ak32. 

;S^oui^aai  (iK—)  [A.  T.  s.]  A 
faction  of  the  Mohammedan  sect 
called  uiO^Si  AL  or  ^07^2^2. 

;ft^oSaa2  (;K— )  [A-  S-]  The  state  of 
being  an  Abdal,  the  act  which  an 
Abdal  performs. 

.3012,  Alk.  ihal  [a.  \j^,\]  ult.  adv. 
Ever,  eternally;  with  negative, 
never,  to  all  eternity. 

Aa2  (^'— )  [P-  J^>^^]  »2-  and  adj. 
indecl.  A  habitation,  a  city;  cul- 
tivated, peopled,  nearly  synonymous 


^hi 


oaoo: 


with  Ml,  but  never  used  in  forming 
compounds. 

^Sksi  (pL, )   [cs.]  m.     Destruction, 

ruin,  perdition. 

^I^oipkisi  (jlS^— )  Destructibility, 
destructiveness  [rare]. 

;^OA9k32  (;K — )  [P-  s.]  n.  and  adj. 
Cultivation;  cultivated,  peopled. 

4^M2  (;^—)  [P.T.  ^b-bbf]  adj. 
Peopled,  cultivated. 

tSJEdbbsl  [p.  «.:Uxov>->T]  /.  Ablution  or 
washing  of  the  hands,  face,  and 
other  parts  of  the  body,  performed 
by  the  Mohammedans  before  prayer 
and  accompanied  by  certain  pre- 
scribed ceremonies  and  religious 
ejaculations. 

^jQ»ba2  (;S» — )  [p.  cu^jot]/.  Water- 
closet,  lavatory. 

93^1  (2 3 )  [p.^lv>.^\]  m.  A  servant 

who  has  charge  of  water  for  his 
master's  use,  chiefly  when  travelling. 

93k32  [p.  j^^^\]  cidj.  indecl.  Juicy, 
possessed  of  water;  well-tempered 
(sword,  dagger  and  the  like). 

OJiaij  iwep.  with  the  pronominal  suffix 
of  the  third  person  sing.  m.  In,  by 
or  through  him  or  it. 


6p{^  Xnep.  with  the  pronominal  suffix 
of  the  third  person  sing.f.  In,  by 
or  through  her  or  it. 

lap!  Parents  (used  only  in  plural). 

iSflapl  adv.  Parentally. 

loop!  (^o )  [p.  ^yb^  i^\  lit.  water 

and  air]  m.   Climate,  atmosphere. 

i»o}^2  (fi )  [cs.]  adj.  m.  Parental, 

fatherly. 

;^o*o^i,  ^^00:^2  The  qualities  or 
relations  of  the  parents. 

lisc^l^  ii^o^\'^  i^^^\  slang)  jplur. 
m.  Progenitors ;  Patriarchs ;  Church- 
Fathers. 

632  [a.^\]  Father,  used  only  as  a  prefix 
of  compound  names,  as  ^aujwiooi, 
jloal.  Comp.  ai  and  wa2,  in 
3M&32  and  p3ua2. 

jzau^ooi  m.  A  service  book  of  the 
Nestorian  church,  which  was  com- 
piled and  arranged  by  the  author 
of  the  same  name  who  lived  in  the 
last  part  of  the  twelfth  century. 

UoSilW^V-  wi^b  the  pronominal  suffix 
of  the  second  person  sing.  m.  In, 
by  or  through  thee. 

.oaoojl  pre}),  with   the   pronominal 


J^ooJ 


^? 


suffix  of  the   second  person  plur. 

In,  by  or  through  you. 
iHoal  (i-^—)  TuR.  m.   A  vestibule, 

the   space  between  two   doors;   a 

hall,  passage,  porch.  Ass.  abullu  'a 

gate-way'. 
;16ai  iioai  (;*— )   A  Bishop  or 

an  Episcopos  (probably  the  Arabic 

form,  as  L>y\  or  libl  'our  father'). 
l^oAoal,  ;^a40L3l  (^K— )  Sal. 

I6f\ai6ai   Episcopacy,    episcopate, 

bishopric. 
aoeil  [p-  ^y^  a  misreading  of  3j>\ ; 

lit.  the  water  of  the  face]  /.   Dig- 
nity, honor. 

hoai  ^  'shameless,  impudent'. 
hoai  l3kbo  'honorable,  reserved; 

respectable'. 
hol^o^^oai  [t.]  adj.  Hotch   potch, 

bosh,  nonsense. 
}^Q!32  (l'i\ )  wz.  A  reed  used  as  spool 

or  bobin;   a  brick-mould  or  form; 

a  water-pipe;  a  scraper,  Lidz.  S.  S. 

424.  14. 
;'^2  (;?— )  dim.  ;io^i  [p.  f^.j^^]  f. 

A  buckle, 
^fsi  (jf — )  dim.  ^Offll  Mt.  m.   A 

marsh. 


^f»f32,  ;00O^2  [p.A.  ^j^pT]  (used 
in  a  plural  sense)  The  water  of  a 
famous  well  at  Mecca,  called  Ha- 
gar's  well;  the  pilgrims  drink  of  it 
and  bathe  in  it;  a  proverbial  ex- 
pression for  any  good  water. 

li'^2,  ^Dfsi  (1}—)  [P.y/]  A 
plow;  ploughshare. 

ya2  prep,  with  the  pronominal  suffix 
of  the  first  person  sing.  In,  by  or 
through  me. 

^2  prep,  with  the  pronominal  suffix 
of  the  third  person  plur.  In,  by  or 
through  them. 

yfll  (jL*— )  [P-  ^^]  «^j-  »»•  and  /. 
Low  or  irrigable  land,  land  arti- 
ficially cultivated  by  irrigation  as 
opposed  to  ^3  which  is  watered 
by  rain. 

This  division  of  arable  lands  cor- 
responds to  that  in  the  Mishna,  Bab. 
Bat.  3.  1,  where  the  lands  which 
are  watered  only  by  rain  are  called 
"pV^n  ^^fci>,  those  which  are  artifi- 
cially irrigated  are  called  )''D'?tJ'n  tV^. 

^l  (^A J  [p.  ^1]  adj.  indecl.  blue. 

^32  corrupt  form  of  ^jii*32  A  sage; 
a  monk  (colloq.). 


^i 


vaual  [h.  n^3«]  also  called  Jaacyf?  ^yl. 
The  Jewish  month,  beginning  at 
the  new  moon  of  April  (after  the 
Babylonian  captivity  it  was  called 

^aIIcusI  adv.  In  the  manner  of  an 
.OkSJ^;  like  an  Ebionite. 

^liou^I  (ik )  adj.  in.  An  Ebionite; 

pertaining  to  the  doctrine  or  reli- 
gious sect  called  Ebionites;  the 
Jewish  name  for  Christians  in  ge- 
neral; a  sect  of  Jewish  Christians 
who  combined  Judaism  with  Christi- 
anity. 

^^OkiouSl  The  religious  system  of 
the  doctrines  and  precepts  accepted 
by  the  Ebionites;  conformity  to  the 
belief  of  the  Ebionites. 

;^o*32  (;SJ — ),  colloq.  ^2  n.  and 
adj.  Population,  cultivation;  popul- 
ous, cultivated  (corrupted  from 
ikpAyai). 

Jiyai  (^ )  Mt.  m.  A  small  axe, 

a  pickaxe. 

y^al  n.  and  adj.  indecl.  Habitation; 
peopled,  inhabited  (corrupted  from 
9^2). 

;i.iLa2  (;[i' )  [cs.]  A  monk,  hermit;  a 


saint,  sage;  from  Sal  'to  lament'. 
Arm.  uiuiirnuii. 

yj,iJ32  jjre^?.  with  the  pronominal  suffix 
of  the  first  person  plur.  In,  by  or 
through  us. 

aJOOQ>a2  [p.  yy  ^^  (used  in  a  plural 
sense)  The  water  of  the  river 
Kauthar,  in  paradise,  flowing  with 
milk  or  nectar. 

iSai  (^ )  [a.  <^\]  adj.  m.  Simple, 

ignorant. 

jVg?  (juii )  Feminine  of  the  pre- 
ceding. 
K*)j^i  adv.   Foolishly. 

;^Q\3i,  ;^eu^i,  coiioq.  ^sAsi 

(;'isl—)   Silliness,  folly. 
jgxSsl  [a.  ,jr^^^]  m.   Satan,   devil; 

^Ajj  [a.  ^3iol]  adj.  indecl.  Black  and 
white,  pie-bald,  of  various  colors. 

;^att^i  (;&I — )  Diversity  of  co- 
lors, variegation. 

J32  prep,  with  the  pronominal  suffix 
of  the  first  person  plural.  In,  by 
or  through  us. 

;iji  TuE.  Sons,  boys,  ^p  is*2af  laf 
4s^i  ^?o  Jilsi  'behold  thou  art 


es^i 


without  sons  and  without  daughters', 
LiDz.  S.  S.  5.  4. 

JOOiiai  [Gr.  ipevo?]  m.  Ebony. 

^sjJai  TuE.  Daughters,  girls,  Lidz. 
S.  S.  5.  3. 

JlIIjjQjfli  (it, )  Abyssinian,    one   of 

the  people  of  Abyssinia;  the  lan- 
guage of  the  Abyssinians. 

4s032  /.  Avesta.   See  the  following, 

^U,**^!]/.  Avesta,  the  sacred  books 
of  Zoroaster;  the  language  of  the 
sacred  books  of  Zoroaster. 

iJOal  (iti )  [cs.]  Tel.  m.    A  sand- 

strom,  drifting  sand. 

laofibl  [p.  ^j_^  i~>^J  m.  The  juice  of 
sour  grapes,  or  of  other  unripe 
fruit. 

23di2  [p.  c>b^  ^  ^i^-  rain-water]  /. 
A  water-course  made  to  drain  the 
rain-water  from  the  streets;  a  mill- 
brook. 

laai  (2?—)  [P-  V^  ^1'  ^j^^]  *^'  ^ 
kind  of  Persian  striped  shawl,  worn 

chiefly  by  women. 

2aai  (jiai)  Tub.  A  son,  a  boy.  ;i5 

2a£32  5L^ea  'you  will  have  no  child', 

Lidz.  S.  S.  3.  6. 


ohai  [p.  3^^   lit.    'the  water  of  the 

face']  Dignity,  honor. 
ijLysl,  ^aai(;B_)[A.^.^\]TuE. 

Alk.  m.    A  jug  with  a  spout,   an 

ewer,  a  urinal. 
^yial  [h.  iJl^iS]  Bow  the  knee.   (Gen. 

41. 43) ;  probably  of  Egyptian  origin. 

Compare  oaa  oafl. 
;aUA3^i  (^— )  [P-  <>-:^j^^  or  (J^ji\] 

m.  Silk;  silk-thread ;  silk-cloth.  Aem. 

Jtaaii  [a.  o-tr?^]  ^^i*  ^^^^^c^-  -^  pie-bald 
(horse);  spotted  red  and  white. 

;a^32  (;a — )  [p.  ^^l^T]  /  An  ewer 
with  a  long  and  narrow  spout,  used 
in  washing  the  hands  after  meals, 
and  in  ablutions. 

;^2  (;X:— ,  i?^— )  [T-  ^^]  »'^-  A 

lord,  a  master,  a  nobleman,  land- 
lord ;  a  title  or  form  of  an  address  to 
any  respectable  man,  used  among 
the  Mohammedans;  mister,  boss. 

»aV2  Mt.  v.  i.  To  please,  to  relish; 
to  enjoy. 

JLaVJi  }a\2  m.  Base  words,  con- 
temptuous language  (used  only  in 
the  plural). 

oaSLi  ult.  interj.  An  exclamation  ex- 


pressing  surprise;  derision;  o  my !  my 
gracious!  gracious  me!  shame!  Var. 

y'iaXjf  [a.  ^^^^]  ult.  adv.  Compuls- 
ory, by  force. 

;i^i  TiA.  adj,  A  little,  few.  hiao 
5U(ai  i^A  ^iliasou  ^V\  ^  'and  in  a 
few  days  he  was  sick',  Ledz.  80. 16. 

^OoSt\l  [t.  jy^  3^  lit.  white  nut]  /. 
some  kind  of  disease;  a  medicine. 

lo\l  TiA.  J.  adv.  Probably  contracted 
from  the  phrase,  2a  Jo^i^  loll 
'this  time  also,  once  more'. 

loj!^,  O^J,  adv.  This  time;  again. 

30^2  [a.  ^L^::-^]  Alk.  /.  Urgency, 
great  desire.  Lidz.  S.  S.  374.  7.  See 

ji^oJ^l  r^__)  m.  A  canal;  an  aque- 
duct. Compare  ^oua2.  Aem. 
uiq.nL^uij^  and  p.  <^iJS. 

yho^l  (;i* — )  [p.  o^^^^]  '^n.  Aide- 
de-camp,  adjutant. 

thicket. 
J[4o\2  (^' )  [G-  aycDvia]  i?z.  Agony, 

pain,    anguish;    the    suffering     of 

Christ  in  Gethsemane. 
^qVJ  (Ja )  m.  Race;  contest  for 


a  prize;   a  place  for  the  contest. 

Compare  the  preceding, 
jlioij  (j» )  Mt.  m.  A  pointed  stick 

for  digging  out  edible  roots. 
^^qVJ  ult.  adv.   Agonizingly,  with 

extreme  anguish. 
^^OAoVl  (jS»* )  Contention  for  a 

prize;  agonism. 

m.    An  athlete,  agonist. 
^oX  2  (jio )  ^^T.  9;i.  A  guide-post. 

suburb,  a  small  village  which  is 
dependent  upon  a  larger  one  near 
it;  a  hamlet. 

^0^2  (;&— )  [T.OSlsTplur.]/.  No- 
bility; a  technical  title  for  lords, 
chiefs,  etc. 

J^pXl  (^Ss* )  Lordship, mastership. 

JfikI  (jf )  [^'  ^j'^^]  /•  permission, 

license,  leave. 

^^'i^  (2? )  [P-  ^^^j}^]  w^'  and  ac?;. 

A  nobleman;  well-born,  well-bred. 

^|«03f^2  {ii^ )  The  state  of  being 

a  nobleman;  nobility,  nobleness. 

v^^O^l  (?!'—)  [t.  ^if^]  m.  A  per- 
cussion-lock; fulminating  powder, 
percussion-powder. 


i^:^ 


10 


*^? 


^^2  (U—)  [t.  ^^]  Mt.  m.  A  lord; 
a  landlord;  master. 

»v\  ;  [t.  ^':^\]  ni.  A  Young  man; 
brave,  heroic. 

2aAj  (2'i )  Mt.  m.    Brave;  rich; 

smart  in  everything. 

jOoA  2  adv.  To-day  (an  erroneous 
pronunciation  of  the  word  poupl). 

l^scSj.  (;K — )  Lordship,  master- 
ship. 

iSAj  i^'—)  [P-  J-:^^]  ^n.  A  sheep- 
cot,  sheep-fold. 

j4l^l[T.p..^bls\]  adv.  Masterly;  gal- 
lantly, nobly. 

}JS03>*^2  Gallantry;  nobleness. 

u^*iiA^2  [T.  ^^  ^  lit.  'bitter 
herb']  /.  In  such  a  phrase  as, 
i.»^^>H>.lj  ^a^  'to  gall  one's 
enemies'. 

ajXJ  (2  3— )  [A.  ^r:^^]  m.  The  mal- 
treatment or  abuse  which  a  slave  or 
a  hired  laborer  is  liable  to  encounter 
(the  plural  form  is  more  common). 

23yir2  (2d )  [cs.]  Alk.  m.  A  mer- 
cenary; a  hired  laborer,  a  hireling 
(euphonically  spelled  also  2a*^2)- 

A^?3u\2,  \3u3\j  [t.  '^\>/y\  m.  Mount 
Ararat. 


;^3^2  {}ki — )/.  A  woman  hireling. 
J^aAi  [cs.]  /.    A   piece   of  silver; 

earnest  money;  reward. 
t^Jxi  (iSs* )  ^  l^-dy;  the  feminine 

of  the  title  ;Ss2. 

;s\j,  (;a_,  ;So_)  [t.  ^^^\]  /. 

Heel,   A  pivot  or  spur  of  a  door. 

See  ^SAl. 
iSi  [a.  J^l]  /.  The  hour  of  death, 

the  predestined  time,  death;  doom. 
.■f^SiSj  [a.  i-.^v3il]  adj.  Most,  the  greater 

part. 
^aS\2,   }laS\2  [a.  LJ^I]   ult.  adv. 

Chiefly,  mostly. 
M-x!i%l  (I'i — )   [a.  p.  ^^\]  m.    A 

maker    or    seller    of    notions,     a 

haberdasher. 
;3l4oS\2  (ia—)  [k.]  m.  A  frying  pan. 
^naHiX^^  (Uo—)  [a-  ^^-^^^]/-  A  com- 
mittee,   council;    an    assembly;    a 

session;  congress. 
{(sSiU  [A'  '^^]  TiA.  /.    A  carriage, 

cart,  wagon;   Lidz.  S.  S.  179.  12. 

Comp.  ;^il^. 

>g\ J  [a.  ^]  71.  and  adj.  Persia,  a 
Persian;  a  barbarian  (more  cor- 
rectly pS^)- 

^,^\  J  (jir^ )  [cs.]Mt.  a  water  spring. 


i^*^^ 


11 


n 


;1Lj4J  (i.— )  [A.  s.]/.  ^_,  «(!;•. 

A  Persian. 
JsjQjifliy   [A.  p.]  /.  Persia. 

AifliN^:  (;ihi — )  [a.  e^^^]  '^'  ^  i^ob' 

a  riotous  gathering. 

^j\l  (pL Vcs.]/.  A  trough,  a  basin. 

UQ>3\  i  plu.  [a.  ^_/''-;:i.\]  Goods,  wares, 

articles. 
.^joAi  ttdv.   Then;  again;  this  time 

(slang). 

J^so:^;  (;!^— )  [t.  a^^.  i"  lit. 

of  white  hair]/.  Duenna,  an  elderly 

female  attendant. 
sbotii^i  (:» — )  [t.  O;^  ^T  lit.  'a 

hungry  wolf]  adj.    A  very  hungry 

person,  glutton. 
all  [K.  /\]  Mt.  Fire. 
all  [p.  ^l]  cowj.    If,  whether. 

2ali>  3\^  [^-Z?-^]  ^I'K'  '^^-  Reward; 
compensation. 

2aV  i  [cs.]  w.  Obstinacy.  See  preced- 
ing. 

I^HA  Alk.  i?i.  A  reward;  wager,  bet. 

l^Hj.  [a.  «;'-^^]  /.  Interest,  usury ;  rent. 

2a\  j^  [a.  ^\_f^\]  n.  Executing,  giving 
effect  or  currency;  issuing. 

lifSk).  (;^03 — )  [cs.]  m.  Roof;  Ass. 
genu 


\?a!i,l  (i^— )  [p.  ^>/]  f.  A  flat 
loaf  of  bread,  a  cake. 

'^?i%Jt  (2? — )  [A.p.;b2(;l^l]in.and/. 
A  renter  of  lands;  a  farmer  of  the 
revenue ;  a  lease-holder ;  a  monopolist. 

;ftsODaa!^2  (4*—)  [^■^•^']  The  busi- 
ness of  renting  or  leasing ;  lending 
money  at  interrest. 

A^au3\2,  \?a5kj  Mount  Ararat. 

;k.hi^  (;a— )  [T.  ^^v^]  /■•    ^ 

pruning-hook,  a  pruning-knife. 

JaaiLi  [p-  '^^^^]  (^^^^'  c^^i'  Though, 
although. 

;^al^2  (ijn—)  [T.<^=f/]  A  thumb- 
ring,  a  club. 

.aSLi  [P-  c)^;^J  cidj-  indecl.  Dear,  ex- 
pensive. 

uAslJ  [!••  ^y^j^]  /•  scarcity,  dearth. 

;k'^l  OK— 5  colloq.  u;SJ— );  [cs.] 

Mt.  ^ ;  Sal.  l^. An  epistle, 

a  letter.    Ass.  egirtu. 

■axfriV  ^  [a.  ,_p>Ux;i&l]  «^j.  indecl.  Per- 
plexed, unsettled. 

;^0da^2  (;K — )  Perplexity,  un- 
settled condition  of  affairs. 

^^isVi  ni'  Alk.  Master,  landlord. 
LiDZ.  460.  4.    See  f0. 

a2  interr.  pron.  Which,  who? 


12 


Os2 


92)  92  A  particle  indicating  the  ge- 
nitive   form,    as    .  3hib9j^    'of  the 

Lord';  b*p92  *ours'. 

92)  ^2  [cs.]  demon. pron.  This  ^^Jj^^i 
'to-night';  1^^ 92 'what  night?' 

292  (2'SS?2)  [t.  <^T  or  ii>\]  f.  An  is- 
land, (phonetically  spelled  ihs*)- 

2h2  Mother;  grandmother. 
'  i 
292  cidv.  Now,  at  present,  this  time. 

Yar.  2p6j,  ^92. 
v392  [a.  c_j>i]  /.  Good  manners,  dis- 
ciphne  of  manners ;  etiquette;  good 
behavior;  general  rules  of  conduct, 
as  salutation,  hand-shaking,  re- 
ceiving, rising,  sitting,  walking, 
talking,  sleeping  etc.  ,39  2  29lS9 
'civil,  courteous,  modest',  ahi  ^ 
'uncivil,  impolite,  rude'. 

v392  V.  t.    To  train,  teach,  instruct; 
II" 

punish,  p.  p.  ^?o2,  /•  ^^,902, 
-^992,  plur.  J:39o2,  2)res.  ^3092, 
inf.  ^092^.     Ass.  adahu. 

^^922192  [a.  ^:J^j\  l_;>\]  Courtesy  of 
manners,  discipline;  etiquette. 

;^Q392  (;&I — )  Courtesy;  civility, 
politeness. 

;l392  (;i' — ),  /.  >^ — ,  ptcpl  An 
instructor,  teacher,  master. 


'ysipl  (29 — )  adj.  m.  and  /.  Ugly; 
dirty;  homely;  odious. 

;^09:392  (;K — )  Ugliness;  home- 
liness. 

JiJ^gi  adv.    Probably  the  contracted 

form  of  16^  2^2  'this  time,  now'. 

9  92  V.  t.  To  incite,  stir,  agitate;  urge. 
•II"  ' 

2)res.  29092. 

^992  (;*■ — ),  /.  4s»? — 'i'M-  Agi- 
tator, disturber. 

;>*992  (;&I — )  n.  Agitation,  dis- 
turbance. 

^oipl  Sh.  ant.  demon. pron.  This,  that. 

opjl  see  preceding.   Yar.  ^<7fo92. 

092  The  first  of  the  four  groups  or 
the  three  of  the  twelve  letters 
which  represent  the  twelve  months 
of  the  Year,  thus,  October  2,  No- 
vember 3,  December  o,  January 
J,  February  ot?  March  oj,  April  2, 
May  ^,  June  o,  July  2?  August 
9,  September  f .  This  arrangement 
corresponding  to  the  "golden 
numbers"  is  employed  in  the  Syriac 
calendar  to  determine  the  exact 
dates  of  the  months  and  days. 
These  twelve  letters  are,  for  con- 
venience   divided    into    the    four 


i?9i 


13 


&?l 


following      groups:      ojdp,     oai, 

^opl  [a.  <^y\]    Spices;    drugs,    also 
^si  (used  only  in  the  plural). 

I6p2f  (lo )  Alk.  Lot,  portion. 

•  osi  V.  t  To  season,  to  spice;  p.  p. 

^e3o2,     pres.     ^oop2,     inf. 

^oai  (pi,. )  adj.m.  That  which  has 

spices;  well  seasoned, 
^opi  [h.  "'i'lN]    Adonai,   The  Lord. 
;iio?i  (;i"— ),  /•  :^—,ptcpl  The 

one  who  seasons;  a  seasoner. 
^sibai  tt^i-/-  That  which  has  spices; 

well  seasoned. 
^odI  n.  The  act  of  seasoning,  season- 
ing. 
^f  si  Mt.  adv.   This  time  last  year; 

last  year. 
yi32  Alk.  demon,  pron.  This,  that. 
vlo;^p2;  Jilai;  m92  «(Zt^-  Now,  this  time, 

at  present. 
<Xi9j^7  iB'^suSJ^  ttrft^-    To-day;  now,  at 

present;  Var.  ousi,  a»302. 
/OOusi  (=  DV  jin)  Same  as  preceding. 
^39^2,  ^Ssksi,  23^92  Mt.  ant.  adv. 

-  ;oSj»)2. 


ial  MT.v.tandv.i./.  JlSpl  To  bring 

forth  children,  to  be  born;  to  lay 

eggs.  =  iai. 
;Lj|32  Mt.  adv.  Then,  therefore,  hence. 
;LJkAb2,  Mt.  adv.  m.   To-night;  last 

night. 
k^sj^  z.  Same  as  preceding. 
JsaiShi  [t.  p.  ^U^y<^T]/  Islands, 

archipelago,  a  group  of  islands. 
5ia2  Adam;   a  man,   human;   ^Sf 

^323  human;  mankind. 
;i«D2  (;&o — ,  colloq.  ;^o — );   [cs. 

;ioaI]  Mt.  ;^o — ;  Sal.  «;^o — , 

A  husband's  brother,  levir. 
lOahopi    (^ — )     [g.    aBafia?]    m. 

Adamant;  diamond;  any  very  hard 

or  impenetrable  substance. 

^/dobo^i  (lH )  adj.  m.  Adamantine. 

^^Ob032  The  Adamite  sect;  human 

being. 
;^ob092  (jiK — )    The    relationship 

of  a    husband's   brother;   levirate, 

the  institution  of  marriage  between 

a  man  and  the  widow  of  his  brother 

or  nearest  kinsman. 
^*ibp2  \Ia }  w.  adj.    An  adamite; 

one  descended  from  Adam,  a  human 

being. 


j&Okiibpi 


14 


Jti>»l 


^^0*^32  Pertaining  to  Adam  or 
his  descendants,  or  to  the  sect  of 
Adamites. 

^l^euitfaZ?  colloq.  .^s*!j9?2  The  rela- 
tionship of  a  husband's  brother; 
levirate,  leviration. 

^ilbsal  [p.  ^^;^>^]  adj.  indecl.  Manly, 
nobly,  in  a  dignified  manner; 
humanly. 

^ai  V.  i.  and  v.  t  To  become  an 
jiaZ;  to  perform  the  duty  of  marry- 
ing the  deceased  brother's  wife 
[rare]. 

^a2  (jis*— ;  colloq.  «;Sv*— ) 
The  wife  of  a  husband's  brother. 

,^ii832  Alk.  [a.  ^>U.]  a  maid  serv- 
ant,  a  maid   (a  modified  form   of 

.^aoai  Earth;  red  clay,  of  which  it 
is  said  Adam  was  formed. 

fiSi.;l|sb032,  ^i;^b09i,  adv.  Terres- 
trially. 

;I»^bo?i,   ;4^s>8?i    (if—   ;i— ) 

adj.  m.    Earthly,  terrestrial;   that 
which  is  made  out  of  4si832. 

^32  TuE.  (=  ^yl)  To  know. 

jLd2  Tue.  adj.   Intelligent,  knowing. 

;L?2  (iL—)   [A.  UM]  m.  and/.     A 


demand,  a  claim;  a  lawsuit;  arro- 
gance. 

^3.^32  (jjk ^adj.m.  Arrogant,  assu- 
ming (pks2  ihiio  is  more  common). 

hhi  (2a )  [Ass.  adaru]  m.  The  sixth 

month  of  the  year,  March,  answer- 
ing to  the  latter  part  of  Febru- 
ary and  the  first  part  of  March. 

A.  ^\>\',  P.  j)\>\,  y>\. 

23^2  [a.  S)b\  lit.  to  make  a  thing  go 
round,  or  a  going  round]  /.  Means 
of  existence,  living ;  economy,  practi- 
sing economy;  the  conduct  of 
business. 

23 3 i^  [a.  *^>\]  /.  A  pustular  eruption 
which  usually  occurs  in  children, 
impetigo;  the  Persian  ulcer. 

.332  V.  i.  and  v.  t.  To  have  or  to 
transmit  the  disease  of  impetigo. 
p.p.  U^302,  /.  4a3302,    ^3302, 

2)lur.    ^3302,  pres.    ;&p332,  inf. 

;&0332S' 
;Ii332,  ^332,  colloq.  ^33^^  (iLi — , 

;i"_)  /.   ^332«(^i.  One  who  has 

the  disease  of  2332,  impetiginous. 
>^332   The  state  of  having  or  the 

act   of  transmitting  the  disease  of 

2332. 


;^.?il 


15 


;ko^2 


^ai  (jai )  [g.  eIoo?]   m.     Species, 

form,  kind,  fruit. 
jtsi  V.  i.  and  r.  f.  To  specify;  to  bear 

fruit;  to  be  like. 

cr\l  interj.  An  expression  of  surprise ; 
i' 

concession,  moderation.  Is  it?   All 

right!  pretty  well! 
(7j2  interj.  An  exclamation  expressive 

of   contempt,    dislike,    or    disdain. 

Fob!  fougb! 
;o7:  =  y.  Gaw.  To  come.  P.P.  ;lcrl. 

See  ;^:. 

Jcy2,  colloq.  <7|2  demon,  i^ron.  This, 
this  one,  lo,  behold. 

\%0]l  interj.  An  ironical  and  con- 
temptuous expression. 

Oioila^l,  Qiojl  interj.  An  impassioned 
exclamation  expressing  surprise, 
admiration;  desire;  grief  and  the 
like.     O!  ah!  alas! 

lafi^mi,  l^tiyii,  afiail  adv.  This 
time,  now.  Yar.  lai^i,  o^i,  lofil, 
I'^kpl,  ^3A32,  ^aAp2,  l^\^0]i, 
1^^0)2,  aAjCDOji.    See  ;Ia2. 

oail  (jl— )  [P-  ^^]  /•  A  gazelle; 
an  antelope. 


J{sab2  (Jis* )  Mt.  a  large,  circular  ooi2  Mt.  pron.    He;  it;  that. 

and  deep  tray,  commonly  of  wood,  i  Jloojl  (=  oo?  +  loll)  Odds  and  ends; 

household   effects;   various  things; 

outfit;   provision  used  only  in   the 

plural. 
^oaii  ()ji — )    [a.  J^y^\   originally 

plural]  /.  Condition,  state,  situation ; 

affair;  case;  fact;  colloq.  (3ayo2. 
^Soori  (;& — )  [a.  0M^.>^1  originally 

plural]  /.     See  preceding. 
yOO]!  Mt.  2^^'on.    He;  it;  that. 
^9072  (;i'_)  [A.  P.  Jb-^  sT]  uU.  f. 

Extreme  sufferings  of  a  sick  person; 

groan,  sigh,  lamentation. 
2?f»3boriOrma'Z<i;colloq.3|ji03o07, 

which   is  also   used   as    a   proper 

name. 
wiOli,   ^c]2  TiA.  pron.    She;  it;  that. 
^oi2  ult  interj.  An  exclamation  used 

in  calling  or  directly  addressing  a 

person.     0!  hey! 
S,t,a\2  A  note  in  music,  sung  in  driv- 
ing buffaloes  or  oxen  when  plowing. 
\*ai2  (j^'—)  [a-  J^^]  ttdj.  m.  and  /. 

A  middle-aged    (person),  not  old. 

K.    Jjt\. 

;io\.0;2  (;^I— )  [A-  s.]  Old  age,  the 
period  of  life  preceding  the  old  age. 


^<^l 


16 


!^c,\ 


Uai'i,  ^a\i  [p.  v^XaV]  m.  Quick-lime, 
lime,  plaster  (used  only  in  the  sin- 
gular form). 

2aaaifcor2,  colloq.  laasoi  [t.]  n. 
inded.  Mortar;  plaster;  cement 
(used  only  in  the  singular  form). 

i^a^ql  (;!— )  [p.  T.  <_5s^5UT]  m.  and  /. 
A  lime  maker;  one  who  deals  in 
lime. 

iko^oi  (jK— )  [P-  T-  S-]  The 
trade   of  making   or   selling  lime. 

233^072  colloq.  adv.  This  time,  now. 

v^ofi  [a.  Jjb\]  adj.  and  n.  An  in- 
habitant; master,  lord;  a  man; 
always  prefixed  to  other  substantives 
to  form  adjectives,  which  denote 
one  who  is  endowed  with,  possessed 
of  or  fit  for  something,  or  belonging 
to  a  place  or  profession,  e.  g. 
9a. «^ 072  a  man  of  experience, 
an  expert  in  any  thing ;  a  workman. 
^^^A.^o?!  a  believer  in  the 
revealed  religion ;  a  Musulman,  Jew 
or  Christian. 

^iflu2. «\a)2     a     pious    man,    a 
believer. 


V 


3m2. «^o;2  a  Persian. 


^jifl)2_  Atni    a  Musulman,   an 


orthodox  Muhammedan ;  a  true  be- 
liever. 
JSoSofi  [h.  ril^riK]  Aloes  tree  or  its  fruit. 
y^oi  {if, )  [a.  ^\]  adj.  m.  and  /. 

An  experienced  (person);   a  good 

manager;  frugal,  efficient. 
;^oAor2  (^K— )  [^-  S-]  Experience; 

thrift,  frugality. 
>7f\#SyV  J^Qji  [h.  I3"*'?C^]  Aloes  tree 

or  its  fruit. 
^O^Sail  =  iioSSo]  Hallelujah,  with 

a  sense  of  asseveration. 
.a;^i\\a!2  [a.  t.  ^^i^-^-aiAV]  p.  p.  inded. 

An  aged  person,  of  advanced  age; 

always  construed  with  JI007  or  its 

derivatives. 
Aoji  V.  i.  and  v.  t.    To  be  J^o^l,  to 

cause  one  to  be  J^af]l  [rare]. 
;ko^cn2,     Slaoojl    [A.    JUa\]    /. 

Deliberation;  delay;  neglect,  negli- 
gence. 
Jtaoaii  (^ )  [A.^Jr^^]c('dj.andsu'b. 

m.  and/.  Foolish,  stupid;  a  dunce. 
;^atJl»a!i  (;S^— )  [^-  S-]  Foolishness, 

folly.    Comp.  i±boMi. 

i^ml  (ii— )  [A. P.  J^'^]  w^^-  /•  Ex- 
treme sufi'erings  of  a  sick  person; 
groan,  lamentation. 


^072  i-^'  o^-**^^^]  "*•  Charity,  good 
deeds  (used  only  as  singular). 

ii3JSiaj2  adv.  Now,  this  time.  = 
lofi^L     See  h^fy. 

^^o)l     Ahriman.        Var.    Jio!ya]2, 

jia]i  TiA.  adv.    Still,  yet.  Lroz.  S.  S. 

135.  12. 

isdl  Alk;  Tia.  jsojl  pron.  m.  Thou; 
II  I  If 

you.     See   ^l. 

J^mi  Alk.;  Tia.  ^isml  pron.f.  Thou. 
See  ^isil. 

iko^isail,  ^isoi2,  colloq.  \Jscr2 
[a.  ^l.^2wl]  /.  Need,  necessity,  re- 
quisite; occasion;  urgency. 

liso6slisa]2,  ^isa]2  [a.  i^L^l]  /. 
Circumspection,  apprehension,  cau- 
tion, fear;  care;  heed. 

;^o\i«^o;2,  t!^JSo72  [a.  JU:^i] 
/.    Probability,  possibility. 

Dignity,  honor;  respect. 
^axSscr2  [a.  ^Ux;;-*.!]  Alk.    Courtesy. 

See  .'paiif^2. 
o2  (=  o)    conj.    And.    Duval    Sal. 

26.  14. 
o2  interj.  A  word  used  to  call,  entice 

or  decoy  birds. 


17  ^oi 

^62,  o2»  o2  demon.  pro7i.  m.  He,  it, 

that,  yonder,    k.  1^1,  &^X.  See  obf. 
o2,  o2,  o2  interj.    O!  hey!    ^^aa  o2 

'0  my  father'! 
o2  [t.  3I]/.   The  chase,  game,  hunting 

of  any  kind. 
62  (==  ocj)  cZe/".  ar^.    That,  the,  it. 

<^03^  ^opi  62  'may  God  protect 

thee'.    90JS23  ;a\y  o2  "poy^^ya 

'Esarhaddon;  the  king  of  Assyria'. 

LiDZ.  S,  S.  3.  3. 
lo2  TuE.  V.  i.    To  repair  to  a  place, 

to  come  into  a  house.    Lidz.  S.  S. 

340.  12. 
^o2  (^ )  [t.  <i^o/\]  m.    A  nomad 

tent,  Tartar  tent,  a  small  black  tent ; 

usually  a  number  of  tents,  a  camp. 
lisOuaoi  [t.  s.]  The  state  of  living  in 

tents;  nomadic  life. 
23J302  Alk.    A  son,  a  boy.     Lroz. 

S.  S.  200.  2. 

A  step-relation,  half-blooded,  p^'^ 
ji^o2  *a  step-father'.  ^o2  I^OUil 
'a  half  brother'. 
^02  (;i^— )  [T.  3^5^]/-  A  shrine; 
a  fire  place,  hearth;  the  abode  of 
the  family.    See  following. 


^^9^ 


18 


Ar?*^! 


S^el  (;\— )  [T.  3^3^]/'  A  tribe, 
a  family,  dynasty.  jiJibaa  uO)oJ^o2 
'his  family  or  dynasty  came  to 
an  end';  lit.  'his  fire-place  was 
extinguished'. 

^^o2  (^—)  [t.  ^j>\]  m.  A  he-goat, 
a  billy  goat. 

.^S^ol  (;S^— )  [T.  s.]  A  small 
tanoor;  a  small  fire-place  built 
temporarily  out  of  doors.  It  is 
commonly  made  of  stones  or  clods, 
arranged  in  the  shape  of  a  horse- 
shoe in  proportion  to  the  size  of 
the  pot  which  is  to  be  placed  on 
the  top  of  it.    Yar.    .^|LAo2. 

9o\o2  [t.  ^c^^\]  /.  (used  only  as 
sing.).  Augure,  omen,  a  good  augury, 
good  luck;  godspeed.  <^03ol^o2 
^ool  ayuM  'May  you  be  auspicious'; 
self  sacrifice  i^Jselso  mOIOA^ 
.5o\o2^  'he  gave  his  life  for 
our  good'. 

^olo2  [t.  Cj^^\]  f.  (used  only  in 
sing.)  Counsel,  advice,  admonition. 

}^ou^o2,  coUoq.  .$l*i^o2  [t.  s.]  The 
state  of  step-relationship,  half  blood. 

2902  Mt.  m.  and  /.  A  worthless, 
(person);  a  firebrand. 


23o2  (2'i — )    [T.  &>o,\  or  ^i>^\]  f.    A 

room,  a  chamber. 
u.X3po2      (jl— )       [t.    i^^     ^^\] 

m.  and  /.    One  who  has  the  charge 

of    a     carvansarai    or    khan;     a 

janitor. 

A  dealer  in  fire- wood,  a  wood-cutter.- 

^j»3o2  Tab.  m.    Haycock. 

o^ol  inter j.  An  exclamation  express- 
ing pain,  grief,  sympathy,  desire 
and  the  like. 

00)02  'ult.  interj.  An  exclamation  ex- 
pressing a  discovery,  surprise,  ad- 
miration. 

^oo2  adj.  and  n.  indecl.  Ill;  wound, 
pain  (child's  word). 

>iSaioo2  Tub.  pZwr.  of  >^oy2?  Inhabi- 
tants,  people,  Lidz.  S.  S.  11.  2. 

^f Oo2  Mt.  =  ^ooof  Ingredients. 
Used  only  in  plural. 

.oo2,  oo2  pron.  coUoq.   He  =  ooj. 

239002  (2?—)  [t.  >)/]  m.  The 
pouch  between  the  cheek  and  the 
lower  jaw;  mouth  (slang). 

9o2  (jf )  [P-  j^^]  tn.    Tune;  note, 

air  in  music. 

^fo2  (jl— )  [t.    ^j3^]    Uzbagee, 


2>^f6l 


19 


^92 


a    Tartar    dynasty;   lit.   'one  who 

rules  himself;  independent. 
23\5^f02  [t.   ^jJij^^l]   m.   and  /. 

An  uninvited  guest,  an  intruder. 
Ji^jSfo:(;ipi'_)  [T.  v^;y.]  Mt.  m.  A 

Turkish  coin  of  a  hundred  piasters 

or  paras  in  value. 
vJ^f  02  (^)  [T.  ^j  or  ^j^i]  /. 

Stirrup. 

^f  o2  (4sl )  Ash.  /.   A  window. 

St'^ol  [a.  t^5^]f' ^^^^  ^^ ^^^ff'  -Assets, 

domestic  property,  property. 
9f  o2  [a.  ^>>^]  /.  An  excuse,  apology. 
wiLl^Sf  o2  [t.  ^;)j3^]  /•  The  plant  pega- 

num  harmala  or  the  seeds  of  it; 

the  seeds  of  belladonna. 
wmOI  [p.  2^3^  inter j.  an  expression  of  fear, 

grief,  pain  and  the  like.    Alas!  woe! 
299m02  Mt.   adv.    Each   other,   one 

another.     Var.    2dLm,    ^9m.0l^, 

jlSdo^,  2aM.o^,  Sf.  23\o2. 
^3kM02  (ji" )  wj-  Domain,  dominion; 

a  province. 
;^0A3m02  (;SJ — )  [cs.]  Dominion. 
mm02  [t.  ^5^]  ult.  interj.  An  exclama- 
tion expressing  joy  and  satisfaction. 
?'Via01  [t.  ^l^^']  fl^^>  and  a^v.  So  many, 

so  much. 


.  eiaMM02  lilt.  adv.  As  soon  as,  when- 
ever. 

^ol  interj.  An  exclamation  expressing 
overwhelming  sorrow;  dire  misery; 
grief,  heavy  affliction  and  calamity. 
^o2  is  often  used  as  a  noun  pro- 
nouncing a  curse,  or  invoking  cen- 
sure, as,  ;Ioa^  wo2;  J^l  ^02. 

fOu3*o2  [k.  )\y-:^.^\  lit.  the  water  of 
onions,  ult]  Interj.  and  sul).  An 
expression  of  unconcern  at  what 
has  happened  as,  'the  deuce  take 
it'!  what  of  it! 

^02  (;* — )  [t.  oy.3^]  /•  ^  play'  ^ 

game,  a  trick,  a  stratagem;  a  de- 
ception or  imposition. 

fSLiOuoi  (;f — )  [T.p.jLJy.^l]  m.and 
/.  An  actor  or  actress,  a  player;  a 
tricky  person.   Var.  f3LbOO*o2. 

;^Of3L&aie2  (;S^— )  [t.  p.  s.]  The 
practice  of  an  actor;  trickiness.  Yar. 

yAN&Oooi  (fi— )  [t.  cj=?^y.3^]  wi.  and/. 
A  player.    See  ^3ao*o2. 

]!^o2,  oi^o2  Alk.  Here  he  is,  here 
it  is.  Yar.  at^Cfl,  o?^ooi,  o{^oai, 
oi^OO),  O^So,  /•  6;S^o2  etc.,  or  2 
instead  of  final  en.    See  iXi.09. 


^62 


20 


^o2 


;ha*o2  (;S^)  [t.  <^-^.3^]  /•  Skirt,  a 
lady's  dress ;  the  lower  part  or  frock 
of  a  man's  coat. 

93l*o2  (2'S — )  [t.  p.^U-o.^l?]  m.  A 
cotton  cloth  of  various  colors, 
printed  with  comparatively  large 
figures. 

0I62  [t.^^.^^]  /•  Reasonableness.  See 

uao2  (?^)  [t.  ct^/]  m.  and  /  A 
hunter,  a  sportsman. 

;^0uAe2  (;5J — )  [t.  s.]  Hunting, 
sport. 

^^o2  ■=  jSrsl  m.  Moth,  cancer. 
Only  singular. 

^xkao2,  ^auao2  [t.  f^,>\  ^^T;  lit. 
three  steps]  A  game  of  jumping, 
in  which  the  one  who  jumps  farth- 
est wins. 

^S>^o2  [cs.]  m.  Care,  concern;  ma- 
nagement, (rare). 

^Ji^A>aao2  [Gt.  eu^^apioxia]  tn.  Eucha- 
rist, the  Holy  Communion,  the 
Lord's  Supper;  baptismal  anointing. 

C^is^ol  [t.  J-Ja  ^3^;  lit.  three  drums 
or  the  third  drum]  /.  A  signal 
drum  which  is  beaten  some  time 
before  midnight,  after  which  time 


the  people,  if  seen  in  the  streets,  are 

arrested  as  transgressors;   curfew. 
^30902,   yahc^ol   [t.  ^^^\    or 

(»^^^\]  m.  and  /.    A  precipice,  a 

very  steep  place. 
Hoi  =  lHo^  (^— )  ^^T.    A  kind 

of  grass,  gladiate. 
^02  (;X;_)  [T.^^\]f.  A  furrow; 

a  water-channel  in   a  field  made 

for  the  purpose  of  irrigation. 

^'02  (;ik;— )  [T.  m  «^-  and  /    A 

beast  of  burden,  an  ass,  a 
donkey. 

:^oi  (;il_)  [t.  ^V/j  /.  A  hunt- 
ing  ground  where  game  abounds; 
a  convenient  place. 

JSo5^o2,  ?o^o2  [t.  O^^-l^i]  m.  A 
Persian  coarse  cotton  cloth  woven 
on  the  hand-loom,  with  colored 
printed  pattern,  Persienne. 

xSoi  (2?_)  [A.  ^V^l]  /.  Tribe; 
children,  descendants,  offspring. 

JK3kSo2  (;ai — )  [t.  JiUJy.]  Ash.  m. 
and  /.  A  fellow  traveler,  an  asso- 
ciate; a  lover. 

u^oi  [a.  p.  (Jp]  ult  adv.  and  adj.  In 
the  first  place,  first  of  all;  the 
best. 


^oi 


21 


^i62 


^02  (jij' )  [a.  j^Ul^l  |}?2(n]  m.    A 

saint,  a  sage;  a  hermit. 
^^oAoi  Extreme  piety;  devotional 

conduct  of  an  ^^o2. 
&f^Ol  (;K — ,  ;SJ — )    [cs.]  lamen- 
tation; a  wailing  song. 
,y\.Sft?  (iti )  [t.  (^s:'^!]  m.  Measure, 

a  standard  of  measurement. 
^*Yy\A?  [a.  Lo  J^l]  TuE.  adv.  As  soon 

as ;  at  the  outset,  first,  Lidz.  S.  S. 

33.  21. 
Aoi  [a.  V^l]  lilt.  adv.    First  of  all, 

first. 
^^o2  (ji" )   [cs.]  m.    Affliction, 

distress,  grief. 
^Ol  (;» — )  m.  and/,  [t.  ^^1,  ^^^1] 

Cholera. 

;j3Lb8o2  (;&— )    [T-   <*-^^]  /.    Hip, 

thigh. 
Jiabool    cidj.    inded.      Topsy-turvy; 

standing  on  the  head.  Yar.  J3402, 

.ObOQbOOl  [g.  ajitofJLov]  ?h.  Amomum; 

stone-parsley;    ginger;    an   Indian 

spice-plant. 
^ol  /.  Omega,  ^,  Rev.  21.  6. 
9Mboo2  [a.  ^<^^]  /•  Hope,  expectation. 

Yar.  906902,  90i&o2. 


Jiaipo2  /.  Alk.  An  eye.  Lidz.  436.  6. 
Comp.  following. 

;^o2,  ;L^o2  [t.  Uko^I,  m]  /.  A 
strong  desire,  a  longing  for;  a  pro- 
tuberance on  the  face,  believed  to 
be  the  result  of  looking  with  a 
strong  desire  at  something. 

^llsiool  Qji — )  [cs.]  adj.  An  artificer, 
skillful;  craftsman;  ingenious.  Ass. 
ummanu. 

lisoilaool  (jK — )  Artifice;  craft; 
skill. 

3kbbo2  ctdj.  m.  and  /.  Stubborn,  ob- 
stinate; also  a  man's  name  (Gen. 
36. 11);  especially  of  the  second 
Caliph,  ^  Omar. 

>^s!i002  [cs.]  Nation,  people. 

;2hoo2,  ;l'^o2  (if—,  ;*—);/. 

4m1 J  (idj.   National. 

iSfljl>^^02,  ^*^kjai02  adv.  Na- 
tionally. 

;^ai|sboo2,  ;^oi|d092  Nationality, 
nationalness. 

-  o2  inter j.  0!  hey! 

.  0^o2  ult.f.  Hooting,  hoot,  (probably 
a  reduplication  of  .  o2). 

JiaLio2  adj.  inded.  Standing  on  the 
head,  upside  down. 


4??» 


22 


?l*i 


;^o2  (;&— )  [T.  <*^?--^y.]  Mt.  /.  Lu- 
cerne,  trefoil,   clover,   sainfoin,    k. 

iSf^iS(,io2  lilt.  adv.  Evangelically. 

;;ii^o2,  coiioq.  ;iSiiAo:  (ij^);/- 

^vSVi^^:  adj.    Evangelical,   evan- 
gelic. 
^oAS^oI  (pk — )    [g.    EoayYE^^iov]  /. 

Gospel,  evangel. 
l^fhSSt-iK^l  Evangelism,  evangelicism. 

Evangelist. 
;fr>oa^te^>o2  Evangelicism. 
uaaol  (;u! — )  [t.  ^^^^  m.  and  /. 

One  who  deals  in  flour. 
^^ouo2  Onanism. 
Jl£Sio2  denom.  pron.    This,  that. 
^*A>o2  [g.  ouoia]  m.    A  substance,  a 

being,    essence,   an   ethereal   or   a 

spiritual  being. 
^MfSool  QL )   adj.  m.    Substantial, 

essential,  characteristic. 
^SjqjoI  Tel./.  A  wine-press ;  a  pond. 
4wtDo2[i'.  l-^^^^]/.  Avesta,  the  sacred 

books  of  Zoroaster;   the  language 

of  the  sacred  books  of  Zoroaster. 

Var.    i^s^h    .^^2,    HjfSohl, 


plkaol,  4sAo2  (2? — ,  ;^ — )   [p. 

^lX*o\  or >Lx*o^l]  m.  and/.  A  teacher; 
a  master  in  any  art  or  profession; 
an  artificer;  ingenious.  It  is  used 
as  a  title  in  the  composition 
of  proper  names.  Var.  ^gfDOCT?, 
^^o2,  ihi^l,  ihlssol,  ihisa, 
S;^Ao2,  LiDz.  S.  S.  122.  6. 

;^Od;|oQ>o2,  colloq.  ;^ou^jQ>o2, 
^^Ao2  (;5sl— )  [P-  s.]  The  office 
of  an  S^ftvjtao2;  the  state  of  being 
an  9^^e2. 

90>jQ»o2  (2*3 — )  [p.^^^^U^i]  m.  and/. 
An  artificer;  a  master  in  any  pro- 
fession. 

;^0>a^A02  (;K — )  [?•  S-]  The  work 
of  a  master;  anything  well  done  or 
made,  craft;  workmanship. 

wA^jQ902  [t.  lilU^^iJ  s?*&.  and  a(^j. 
Extra;  something  on  the  top  of 
another;  a  superaddition. 

^o2  iw^er/  [a.  <-s^\]  An  expression 
of  impatience  or  disdain;  as,  fough! 
fob! 

^o2  inter j.  An  expression  of  grief  or 
pain;  as,  oh!  ah! 

^o2  conj.    And,  also,  too.    See  k^2. 

^o2  [a.  <^3l]  m.  A  tumor  or  swelling 


23 


^?3o2 


on  the  foot  or  leg  of  animals,  chiefly 

the  horse. 
^e^o2  ult  /.    To   ejaculate  ^o2 

in  impatience  or  grief. 
.  j^^ol  OLdv.  Though,  although;  even. 
>lS^o2,  js^i  conj.  Niether,  not  even. 
^^oi,  "p^^oi  [p.  c^lj^]  ant  inter j. 

Bravo,  well  done. 
t^OwO^   [a.  Jy^\   pliir.    of   J-ol]  /. 

used  as  sing.    A  plan,   a  method, 

manner. 
^m02  (Phonetic  form  of  Sl^Jool)- 

a     master;     an     expert     in     his 

trade. 
iSoILm02  (iS' )  m.    [Russian]    A 

chair,  a  stool. 
23^02  (i^ — )  [cs.]   Ash.  m.  and  /. 

A  storeroom,  garnary.    See  22t^l. 

JOOaltiol  (lio )  [G.wxeavo?]  Ocean. 

ItLutiol  Oceanic;  oceanican. 
^xiooi  CjX )  Affliction,  distress.  See 

lliioL,  LiDz.  S.  S.  259.  6. 
60^o2  [a  Cj^^\  plur.  of  ci-o^,  lit.  times] 
/.  Assets;  resources;  state;  means; 

circumstances ;  condition. 
hoi  (23 — )  [t.^^_^,  a.  0;^^a]/.  a 

cry  for  assistance;  as  inteyj.  help! 

help!  K.  )^^  =  Soof. 


Dp2  V.  i.  and  v.  t.  To  enter,  to  come 
or  go  in;  to  penetrate;  pierce 
through;  engage;  to  undertake;  to 
arrive;  to  come  into  possession  of 
something.  2^- P-  2%ol,  f.  ;^Sm.o2, 
:plur.  2auo2,  pres.  2^o^,  inf.  2io)S. 

23o2  (23o2m)  v.  n.m.  Entering,  going 
in.  23 o2  23 o2  'while  going  in'. 
?^\1  23 o2  'ingress  and  egress'. 
See  aaL. 

It 

23o2  (^^03 — )/•  A  manger,  a  stall. 
23o2,  230or  (23 — )  [p.  ^j\^]  adj.  m. 

and/.    A  vagabond;  bewildered. 
^!i302  P'  P-    Cramped,   convulsed; 

from  verb  ^iivsi. 
;i^3o2  (Ja — )   [g.  opYavov]  m.    An 

organ;  a  medium. 
6ss^jXji62  ult,  adv.  Organically. 
;^QS^3o2  Organism. 
;Is^3o2  {ii—)  cidj.  m.  Organic. 
J^33o2  (^—)[T.^>j)^\]f.  A  duck. 
03302  »w.  Urdu,  Hindustani. 
V403302,    09302    (j2 — )    [t.  c5^>;3^ 

^>j^\]  f.  A  camp,  an  army,  a  horde. 
;^33o2  same  as  ;^4S3o2  (^ — )  [cs.] 

/.  A  large  pack-needle. 
^'^ho2V'P'  Curdled, coagulated; from 

verb  2332. 


^?302 


24 


^ael 


4^33o2  A  duck.    See  ^aaol. 

^aihol  (JI )  ttdj.  A  man  of  Urliai. 

yjEDOSOl  (U )  an  adj.  with  Arab- 

Pers.  ending.  Russian  style ;  Euro- 
pean windows.  Shoes  with  high 
heels,  to  be  distinguished  from 
yj^.  Any  Russian  or  European 
thing  which  has  been  introduced 
through  Russia. 

;ILq)09o2  (;!' — )  /.  /^ — ,  adj.  A 
Russian. 

Ifhol  (;i'f— ,  ^—)  [K.  n)j,^\]  A 
male;  a  vigorous  man;  plant  which 
bears  only  staminate  flowers. 

Jl^fSOl  (^ — )  tn.  Stamen,  stamina, 
filament;  pith. 

}^a.fSo2,  coUoq.  ^fso;  (;SI — ) 

The  fecundating  faculty;  vigor. 

^0019992,  ^O3b0f3O2  (if^  /. 
A  masculine  woman,  a  female  hav- 
ing the  likeness  or  manners  of  a 
man;  hoiden;  a  barren  woman. 

;^9o2  (;& — ;  coiioq.  [l;Sg2»— )  [cs.] 

/.  A  road,  way,  course;  passage; 
journey,  travel;  method;  the  proper 
way  of  doing  things;  religion. 

^iu^p  ?-^3o2  gallaxy. 

c\ap  lis^iiOl    'presents    given 


to  some  responsible  persons  at  the 
time  of  escorting  a  bride  to  the 
house  of  the  bridegroom'; 

^2s  ^302  'such  a  present  to 
the  master  of  the  town  or  village'; 
oXmS  ^9o2  'such  a  present  to 
the  uncle  of  the  bride'; 

^A^iol,  ^^Ol  (^— ,  ?*— )  [S.  T.] 
m.  and  /.  A  traveller,  a  passenger, 
a  journeyman. 

;^fluaJ»902  (jlK — )  [s.  T.  S.J  Tra- 
velling, journeying. 

.Of*902  (2* )  [g^-  6ptC«>v]  Horizon. 

^^O^aSoI  cidv.  Horizontally. 

^09*902  (jT )  adj.  Horizontal. 

^902  M.  A  part  of  the  breastplate 
of  the  high  priest  among  the  an- 
cient Jews,  the  Urim. 

;aub09^e  5aU3o2  [h.  D^brii  Dn.^«]  w. 
Urim  and  Thummim. 

Jkbol  (pk )    Naked,  nude    (more 

correctly  ^aoi-). 

JO^hoi  Mt.  m.  A  kind  of  coarse 
cotton  cloth. 

^302  (;&*—)  /.  The  Old  Testa- 
ment; Pentateuch. 

^902  (^ )  [t.  cj-O^^]  ^^^'  A  saddle- 
girth  made  of  hair  and  used  chiefly 


^loiio'i 


25 


tS^&Xfi 


to  bind  a  pack-saddle,  a  belly- 
band. 

^9oi  (usually  followed  by  ^^30^; 
as,  ^3o^  jb03o2)  m.  Descendant; 
progeny,  offspring  (of  lower  animals). 
Comp.  p.  <kycj. 

lUfJsohol,       JLlifu^902,   colloq. 

|Lafy.b09o2  (;la — ,  colloq.  Z,^ ) 

m.  Mt.  adj.  A  man  of  Urmi. 

|l*Lb09o2,  ^Ilboaol  Ash.  see  preced- 
ing. 

^IsJaoosAM  A  Greek,   t.  ^t<^^^. 
i^^kOiil^S'oI  Orang-outang. 
iMhoX  (^' — )  m.  Delay,  hindrance. 
y03u\tif>02  [g.  eupoxXu5(i)v]  ?w.  Euro- 

clydon;  south-east  wind. 
23302  (2'5 )    [g.    topapiov]   m.     A 

stole;    a    girdle    (more    correctly 

239Qm)- 

^l>«3o2  (jlK — )  w. Entering, entrance; 

beginning. 
lishol  (j.6s'^ — )  /.    Poplar  tree;   a 

beam  or  timber  put  across  the  roof 

to  support  it.    Ass.  uru. 

aaishol  [t.  s-'^'*^!;^^]  ^^i-  *'w^ed 
Middle  sized;  a  middle  aged  per- 
son; mediocre. 


^jCa^o9^9o2,  jQ»ao9^9o2  (la ) 

[g.  ^p&oo6$o<;]  adj.  m.  Orthodox. 
?ij>fi).aeB^Be2>       ^^ouQxao9^9o2 

(jl'~-)  [g.  6pao5o$(a]  /.  Orthodoxy. 
^*da\^OiS902  (JU' — )  [g.  6p&oYpacpia] 
/.  Orthography. 

^iA^53u^0^902  adv.  Orthographi- 
cally. 

jiI*53^oJS9o2  (jT — )  adj.  m.  Ortho- 
graphist. 

^&OM53i^OJS9o2  Orthographical  art, 
orthography. 

^JS302  (^ — )  /.  A  large  pack- 
needle. 

v^JS3o2  {if,-—)    [t.  ^J)i\\   m.    A 

cover,  a  wrap. 
fau»a:o2  (;f — )  [t.  p.  jb  ^li^i^l]  m. 

One  who  is  guilty  of  sodomy,  abugger. 
iko^a^ol  (;K — )  [t.  p.  s.]   Sodo- 
my, buggery. 
;boio2  [h.  «i-y^in]  Hosannah;  also 

used  as  a  name  of  a  person. 
yvwi^?  The  branches  of  the  red  willow 

tree,    which   are   used   on   ^axOMt 

^iiSaiol^  'Palm  Sunday'. 
\36tAo2  [t.  J^  ^^\]  f.    (Phonetic 

form  of  Xa^o2)  A  signal  drum; 

curfew. 


4^^o2 


26 


9bXbat2 


a  chamber,  a  pavillion. 
^>ii  \koi  'court  of  justice'. 
^  eHjsol  [t.]  p.  p.  Lost,  disappeared. 
aisosoisol  [t-]p-P-  Grreedy,  craving. 

(Slang.) 
w««30iSo2  [t.  i3^y3^]  (^dj.  indecl.   One 

who  establishes  himself  somewhere ; 

a  resident. 
u£se2  (JL — )  [t.  ^Ji^\]  m.  An  ironing 

instrument,  an  iron,  a  pinking  iron. 
uiiNOl  l^ffTf  'to  iron,  to  pink'. 
yOCxifkOl  [t.]  p)'  P'  Lost,  disappeared 

(another  form  of  writing  ydiLisol)- 
ui9^o2  [t.  ^jy^\]  adv.  and  adj.  Glanc- 

ingly;  transiently;  inaccurate. 
If^  (^—)  f.  A  goat.    See  ;^. 
yaauflfi  [p.  <^^sL^^l]   conj.    Because, 

for  the  reason  of. 
9t3fi     [p.   j^j\]    f.      Memorization, 

publicity.  Construed  with  aaL,  e.  g. 

Mfi  aa^  'to  memorize'. 
.  Ok^fi  (ji" — )  [t.  o-^J^]  <^dj.  m.  and 

/.    Clever,  smart. 
^^Qio^fi  Cleverness. 
Df  2  (2a )  [v.>\Ji]adj.m.2iTidf.  Free, 

independant;  liberated,   exempted. 

;arsf  2  (;!'_,  coiioq.  Zim—)[P'^j>j^] 


ult.  A  dragon,  a  large  serpent;  met. 
a  large  and  violent  person  or  animal. 

03f  ^  [t.  ^>j\]  adj.  m.  and  /.  A  con- 
temptuous term  for  an  untrustworthy 
person,  a  liar.  (Probably  from  ^Sf  2). 

;^e992  (;K — )  [P-  s.]  Freedom, 
liberty,  independence. 

yi3f2  adv.  Freely;  fearlessly. 

^9f2  (?!'—)  [P'  ^^.j^.]  Izedi  or  Ye- 
zidi,  a  devil-worshipper. 

Jo/aafi  [p-  ^j^j^  ult.  m.  A  dragon, 
a  large  serpent  (another  form  of 
writing  Jorafl)- 

aof92  [A.^L^gJil]  Manifestation,  making 
something  public. 

yiOfi  [P'(3b_)^]  ult.  A  kind  of  spice; 
aloes;  dried  juice  of  the  Socotrian 
aloe. 

2aaOf2  [p-  ^^_)j^^P'V'  i'^^ded.  Distress- 
ed, afflicted. 

Ji2^2  Mt.  /.  Trouble;  torment.  =  6^9 2. 

^^2  (X^ )  [P-j^.i*]»w.  Dear, beloved; 

(more  correctly  ^fL)< 

^ifi  {i^-~)  [a.  ^^.>^]/.  Annoyance, 
trouble.    Construed  with  tJk!3^. 

a^iCdaf 2  (2a }  [Aem.  iui^uiu^^]  ult. 

adj.  m.  and/.  A  patriotic  person  (a 


A,2 


27 


>^!»'»? 


word  introduced  into  Syriac  dur- 
ing the  Armenian  massacres,  which 
began  in  1894). 

Sfl  [cs.]  Mt.  v.  i.  and  v.  t  To  spin 
(usually  written  J^fL). 

^f2  V.  t.  and  v.  i.  To  go,  to  walk;  to 
advance;  to  get  along;  to  escape; 
to  pass  away,  to  pass;  to  last.  p.  j)- 

;S^;3,  inf.  ^'fjS. 
jL3f2    Alk.     See   preceding.    ^f2a 

'he  goes'.   >l^f23  'he  will  go'. 
JJ^ii  (;iSf2bo)  V.  n.  m.  Going.  ^f2 

;Sf2  or  ^f^fl  ;Sf^  'while  going, 

I  I* 

step  by  step,  by  degrees'. 

^fi  Alk.  jj^cjjZ.  m.  One  who  goes, 
transient;  a  traveller. 

Jjlf  2  W2-  «**^.  Yarn,  fibre.    See  ^^. 

y^fi  [a.  J,j\]  ffl^Zf.  and  acl;.  inc^ecZ. 
In  the  first  place ;  without  beginn- 
ing, everlasting.  See  J^o'l  ^^^ 
;lLa^2. 

^sAfi  (pk — ), /.  >^siSf2,  ptcpl  One 
who  goes  or  passes.    See  ^f2. 

^fi  n.    Going,  walking. 

ObOf2  [cf.  T.  c^xo)^!]  /.  An  inflam- 
mation of  the  skin  attended  with 
exudation  of  lymph,   causing  con- 


siderable itching  and  smarting,  ec- 
zema; a  kind  of  herb. 

;3lQh092,  }AOti:o^l  (^'— )'  /•  '^— ' 
adj.  eczematic,  pertaining  to  ecze- 
ma, afflicted  with  eczema. 

'^ya^^l  (j'S — )  [k.  p.]  adj.  m.  and  / 
Orator;  eloquent;  linguist. 

^^oapobbfi  Oratory;  eloquence. 

jMf  2  [t.  cj^j^]  P-  P'  indecl.  One  who 
is  gone  or  led  astray,  strayed  or 
lost.   Construed  with  2oo?  or  adlL. 

yfl  (jl»lf — )  [a.  ^>\]  f.  Permission, 
a  permit. 

^2  (;*'— )  [A.  o^>^]  /•  A  Moham- 
medan's call  to  prayer  or  the  for- 
mula which  is  proclaimed  three 
times  a  day  from  the  top  of  a  mi- 
naret or  from  the  roof  of  a  mosque. 

ao^fi  (2'S — )  [p.  jsi^j^]  nt.  and  /. 
met.  A  large  and  strong  person, 
(probably  Asnapper  or  Asurbani- 
pal). 

3f2  [a.  <*iU>i]  /.  Interest  on  money; 
exaction;  increase. 

3^2  (23_)![p.^y]/.  Trouble,  vex- 
ation, grief;  sickness,  disease. 

^Ul  (%^'—)  [a-  J^bi*]  The 
angel  of  death.    See  i!i*23f4'. 


^i^ 


28 


DUkl 


^^l  [a.  ijs.]  f.  Honor,  respect;  (more 

correctly  ^^). 
^iinterj.  Fie!  oh!  alas! 


.2 'to 


heave  a  sigh',   a.  ^1. 


;^i  (;j;i,  ;^a:i)  Tel.  a  brother,  a 
friend. 

wmO^LmI  (^ — )  tdt.  f.  Groan,  sigh, 
trouble,    a.  J  J. 

fOO^i  =  f oo^lV^I  a  disease,  a  me- 
dicine. 

293tM2  Mt.  adv.  Each  other,  one 
another. 

yO^l  [p.  oy*-^]  ^^^*  -^  Mohammedan 
theologian,  a  learned  man  in  law 
and  theology,  a  doctor. 

ikoJl  Mt.  ;la-i  (;&o_,  ;^o— 
^'iNoi^i,  ^i^O^i)  A  brother;  a  cou- 
sin; a  friend;  a  companion. 

JS*^QM2t<^^.  ac^t?.  Brotherly,  fraternally. 

9aQm2  (is — )  [p.  ^^T]  m.  A  Mo- 
hammedan theologian,  a  doctor. 
See  ^ou«2. 

}frkQ&OM2,  }JseiA&QM2,  colloq.  .^ou*2 
Brotherhood,  fraternity;  friendship. 

a 0^2  (2  a — )  [p.^^\]/.  A  manger, 
a  stall.    Arm.  iu\unp. 

See  .^M^. 


\fiw2  [cs.]  Omnipresent,  God. 

^*m2  (^' )  [cs.]  Alk.  m.  A  relative. 

}JS01mm2  Relationship. 

.00^2  H^t  af?z;.    As  soon  as;  when, 

whenever. 
>^Qa^2,   U^&oaM2  dim.  adv.    So 

little,  as  little  as. 
itT^Mil  cidv.   and   adj.     Only,   simply; 

alone. 
?*n\fui?   [h.  ^ll^bniS!]   m.     A  precious 

stone,  amethyst. 
2  90baM2  Annoyances,  grievances  (used 

chiefly  in  the  plural). 
^^tOaodOu*!  Annoyance,  grievance. 
J3ba**i  colloq.  (;S — )  [a.  J^^^^J  m. 

and  /.   Foolish,  fool.    See  Jabpoji. 
^^1  Tub.  We.    See  ^2. 
^oLi*2  You,  ye  (colloq.). 
yA^i,  ^M**l  we  (colloq.). 
.  O^SiOMi  GuL.  Alk.  You,  ye  (colloq.). 
^2  [cs.]  We. 
xJl  [a.  yC\]  f.   The  end,  conclusion ; 

destination;  the  future  life. 
3^2  [a.  y^y]  adj.  m.  and/.  The  last  one, 

final.  23^23  9mi2  finally  (colloq.). 
5u*2  [a.  rsJ\]  idt  interj.    Prefixed  to  a 

sentence  for  the  sake  of  emphasis; 

e.  g.  Im   9mi2  'of  course',  'exactly', 
~  f'      It 


l5-i 


29 


j^i 


^<iOiSO  ^hiol  m90^  9wy2  'what 
did  I  tell  you'? 

23u«i,  iSiMil  Excrement,  dung  (used 
only  in  the  plural).  ^LO^S  I'SmI 
[lit.  the  excrement  of  the  frog,]  A 
green  film  which  floats  on  stagnant 
water;  an  herb  that  grows  in 
water.    ^fS^3  23^1  'iron  slag'. 

ihmi  V.  t.  To  discharge  matter  from 
the  body.    See  ly^. 

^y^,  colloq.  ;^3u^2,  ^IHwmI,  Sal.  ;ISm2 

(j^ )  [cs.]m.adj.  Last, final;  back, 

behind. 

^JSOji3mi2  Backwardness,  slowness. 

^3m2i2,  Tia.  ;aua^2  adj.f.  Last,  final; 
back,  behind. 

4s*3tM2  n.  Voiding  excrement. 

;i£L2,  mt.  ;lyj2,  TuE.  ;l'yt^i,  ;a}Li 

^  A  '  J*  ^  10        It  ^  tt 

Qa^ — ,  JLi.3 — )  [cs.]  adv.,  adj. 
and  pron.  m.  More,  again;  other, 
another. 

^XmI  ^o*  'the  day  before  yester- 
day', 'the  day  after  to-morrow'. 

Jsau^i  [a.  'ij^\]  f.  The  future  life, 
the  end. 

^khJitl  sub.  and  adv.  f.  The  end,  the 
conclusion;  afterwards,  backward. 
See  ;|i,a^. 


;^iL2,  Mt.  l^hj^,  l^y^l  pron.  f. 
The  other  one,  other,  another. 

jzauuii  A  namesake.  wiox»«2  'my  name- 
sake'. 

^i  (;is — )  [P-  ^^^\  or  jkSl]  w.  A 
castrated,  gelded  (horse). 

^i  (;S» — )  [p.  ^X^l  or  jkSl]  m.  A 
willow  tree  that  is  cut  down  to 
about  three  yards  above  the  ground 
in  order  to  produce  more  branches; 
and  the  branches  are  kept  cut  off 
every  third  year,  or  so,  for  firewood. 

^JSmI,  colloq.  y6siO>^2,  o^e^Mii, 
<^0JSm2,  Mt.  o6sm2  [cs.]  pron.  Ye, 
you. 

ftl^^;;  [a.^'^^^]/.  Will,  choice;  se- 
lection; option;  preference. 

alKMjl  [t.  ^^^^\]  ttdj.  m.  and  /.  in- 
decl.    An  old  person,  old. 

;^93I^m;;  Old  age. 

s^JHif^l  [a.  i>^U^l]  /.  Confusion; 
intercourse,  (rare). 

«iw3£SM^  [a.  ^\y^\]f.  An  invention;  a 
contrivance. 

J^o^  2  ("^ )  [g.  axofio?]  m.  Atom, 

a  particle. 

utpS^i  (;»— )  [»•  ^^^««]  /•  ^^ 

atlas.    See  wQ)3^2. 


^a^i 


30 


2a»2 


■j^S,\\  (Up )  [A.^y^<^\]m.  Atlas; 

a  silk  satin.     See  joOJsi. 

;^03\i  (ji^^^  [CS-]  m.  Citron, 
apple,  (rare),  a  husband's  brother. 

v^a^i  (if.—)  [a.  c^1>\]  i?i.  and/.  A 
subject  of  a  certain  landlord  who  has 
property  in  another  landlord's  soil; 
a  foreigner;  an  outsider.  SeCy^aisi. 

y,2  Mt.  a  prefix  placed  before  the 
present  to  make  it  of  a  generic  or 
continual  character,  and  occasion- 
ally before  the  pretrite,  e.  g.  ,s,»aul 
'he  stays',  ^2  *I  like',  ihlso^l  'be 
said',  LiDZ.  S.  S.  92.  6.  ,^2  cor- 
responds with  2  and  *  also  Mt. 
dialect,  and  Jb  Urmi  dialect. 

ui2  =  Jb)  TuE.  def.  art  f.  The,  that. 
;^>Jk^L.2  'the  epistle',  Lidz.  S.  S. 
13.  17. 

m2,  «i  =  uOJ  pTott.  /.    She,  that. 

y^l  interj.  An  exclamation  expressive 
of  pain  and  fear. 

w>2  Mt.  (shortened  form  of  the  word 
iSfl)  There  is.  Jj^l  or  uaS^2  'I 
am  able',  <^odu2  'thou  art  able'. 

^2,  ^2,  Ash.  1^2=  ^ujpron.f.  colloq. 
She;  that,  that  one;  this,  Lidz.  S 
S.  91.  12. 


^2  =  ^2  Gaw.  To  come.    See  Jfis2. 

23m^2  (23 )  Alk.  m.  A  mercenary;  a 

hired  laborer,  a  hireling.  See  23A  2. 

6lkt,2,  oauaui  ult,  interj.  An  excla- 
mation expressing  surprise,  derision, 
contempt.  0  my !  my  gracious !  shame ! 
Yar.  oa\i,  OOtii.  Probably  a  de- 
rivative of  the  word  Jauig,  a.  <— ^^. 

JiLi  ttdv.  Then,  afterwards;  when. 

aiL»2 ,  [t.  C^^J]  m.  colloq.  A  youth, 
a  manly  youth;  a  brave  man. 

la^'2,  a^2,  laf^2,  lc^!i^2  adv. 
Then,  afterwards,  when.   See  JiLi. 

J,^iL2  [a.  ^j^^  /.  Permission,  licence, 
leave. 

AiJ^2  (;JL-)  [T.  j^i]  /.  A 


needle-gun. 

2>t,2  Mt.  pron.  indecl.  "Which,  which 
one;  when? 

2>*2,  [cs.]  dual.  2'i*2,  plur.  >^3u.2,  colloq. 
«;^|u2,  Ash.  ;fisau,2  /•  Hand; 
power,  authority;  control;  agency; 
skill;  ability;  time.  ^jJi  0JSLaJL3 
'it  is  in  his  power'.  ;!Sk*  a]>^2  ^»Qmi^ 
'he  is  or  it  is  under  him'.  ^  ^^'^ 
1^^^  'I  cannot  afford',  f^  2ai« 
'jS^t  23mi23  'he  is  skillful  in  hand'. 
2^2   233    'to  start'.     2^*1^    233 


lauX 


31 


'to  deceive',  op  JsA  23l<.2  'lie  has 
no  right',  ^^ooj  ;S  uSuI  'I  had 
no  time'.  2au2  ^DLb  'within  reach' 
or  'at  hand'.  2^2^  ^^^\  'a  kind  of 
bread'.    2a*23  ^iCd*ti   'cane'. 

29u2  is  used  as  the  first  element 
in  many  compounds;  as,  2au2 
;No5  'right  hand'.  ik£ka  2au2 
'left  hand'.  ^S**©^^  2au2  'gene- 
rosity'. ;^^oSmm  23kA2  'nigard- 
liness'.  ^sV'^^  2au2  'dishonesty', 
'stealing',  ^rt^^o  2ak*2 'empty  hand', 
'poverty'.  (4hV\  1  23u2  'helplessness', 
'poverty'. 

23u^2kii2  adv.  Immediately,  at  once, 
(lit.  hand  in  hand). 

99m2  also  Dauo?  fp.  >\'^}]  inter}.  0 
jusfice!  help!    See  33. 

93^39u2  [p.  ■>^^>^^^'>-?J]  interj.  A 
stronger  form  of  the  preceding. 

\yi3kti2  Mt.  pron.  indecl.  Which, 
who. 

^y*l  (i^o— ;  colloq.  u;Sso_)  ;Mt. 
;]^o — ;  Sal.  ;Sso —  w.  A  hus- 
band's brother,  levir. 

;^Oub99u2  same  as  ;^ouS03|^  The 
relationship  of. 

^3^2  (;K— ;  colloq.  ^;^r_);  Mt. 


^r /.     The  wife  of  a  husband's 

brother. 
^3m.2,  4s^,?u.  Tue.  Knowledge.  See 

^■>^- 

%<ail  colloq.,  Sh.  ^xajLi  pron.  f.  That 
one,  that.     See  y,of. 

oo>2  [p.  (33-(-?.L*]  interj.  An  expres- 
sion of  weariness  of  long  ex- 
pectation.   See  oo?*07. 

uO^i,  ;o^i  [p.  ^}]  ult.  interj.  0! 
halloo!  hey! 

^oa^i  interj.  0  help!  help!  = 
hao^ai.    See  abi  and  abo/. 

Joroli  colloq.  Sh.  li.6lo^2  pron.  f. 
That  one,  that.     See  ^a}, 

uO*2  [p.  t3^yj]  wZi.  interj.  Ah;  alas! 
woe!  a  compound  of  ^^2  and  ^o, 

v^SSff\t\  [P-  A.  <*<Ijy.iJ  iwter/.  Bravo! 
well  done! 

yOt,!  (Ja — )  colloq.  yO*m  [a.  ^\^\] 
f.  A  summer  chamber  with  an 
open  front;  a  portico;  a  verandah; 
an  open  gallery. 

^2  (;f — )  [t-  j^}]  /•  A  foot-mark, 
a  foot-print;  a  track,  a  trace,  a 
trail;  a  clue.  wOfOfO^  ^0/09*2 
ftsi.S  'he  is  or  it  is  without  any 
clue'. 


2^V>> 


32 


^1 


lal^fjil  (:  >Jk>^_)  [cs.]  m.  A  messenger, 

an  ambassador.  Comp.  p.  cX^X^oi. 
^|u2  Mt.  v.  n.  Spinning.  See  J^'^. 
tS'i^I  Mt.  v.  n.  Going.  See  ^f2. 
^f*2  Mt.  n.  Going.  See  ^f2. 
060^2/.  Eczema;  a  kind  of  herb. 
.  ^2  [a.  uLl]  a(?y.  Exact,  same. 
is\*l    [a.    <*<3U.1]   /.      Interest    on 

money;  increase. 
^9uMi.2  (^— )   -A-  single  person;   a 

monk.     ^9umm2    ^03k3  'only  son'. 

See  ^auMA. 
5^1*2  [g.  eita]  adv.  Then,  afterwards; 

(commonly  written  ^1). 
^o\o^ft.y^2  (j,* — )  [O-  ixufAoXoyia] 

/.    Etymology. 
^JA  A\As«<Ay  ^?    adv.     Etymolo- 

gically. 
;ill\o^oboo\,>2  (?!'—)  ^#  wi.  Ety- 
mologist. 
290^*2  Mt.  ant.  adv.  Now,  this  time. 

See  290^. 
290^*2  Mt.  ant.  adv.  =  29  o^   u,07 

Then,  that  time. 
^IlSil*2  (il )  adj.  m.    An  Italian. 

m2;  \m2  Mt.  pron.  f.   She.    See  y,a). 
^2  Mt.  same  as  ^,  A  furrow. 


yni»*2,  9030^2  [p.  ->--^  -^^-^J]  ^4/- 
indecl.  A  room  or  suite  of  rooms 
lined  with  mirrors  and  other  glitter- 
ing surfaces;  a  window  which  is 
partly  made  of  mirrors  or  glass; 
(written  also  aiaL,^). 

^2  prep.  Like,  as,  about,  nearly; 
according  to.  Yar.  5U*2so,  ^oo^. 

^2  [cs.]  adv.  Where?  whither?  It  is 
also  pronounced  Jak*2>  colloq.  ^, 
Ja,  Jla,  Ledz.  S.  S.  118.  5.  Duval, 
Sal.  54.  18. 

\^atC>*l  "Whereabouts,  (from  ^sul)- 

Ha^l  V.  n.  Eating,  Lidz.  S.  S.  101.  2. 
See  i^l. 

jSK^tl  Victuals  used  in  the  house  of 
the  bride  during  the  wedding, 
which  are  usually  paid  for  by  the 
bride-groom. 

4s^2  n.    Eating.    See  H^^l. 

^^Oulfiyii  [cs.]  Condition,  situation; 
quality. 

^>-i^f%i.2  [t.  j,-o<*.;is^^T  lit.  the  bear's 
|liS^]  A  small  kind  of  JiSfla. 

JS9>9ui2,  ^&Atl  Mt.  ant.  adv.  Then, 
that  time.    See  jiiLi. 

^2  God. 

t 


^ 


33 


iaxa^l 


^i  (iS'_)  [T.  J..1]  /.  A  tribe,  a 
family,  a  dynasty. 

J^2  (>ii— )  [cs.]  m.  Stag,  deer,  hart, 
wild  goat. 

)!^2  Mt.   m.    Supplication,  begging. 

■VV^  [t.  ^}]f.  Monthly,  monthly 
wages. 

i\Vr-?  [t.  ^\]  })i.  Marrow;  essence. 
Yar.   ^2,  ^2,  S^2. 

J^^^|X*2  [t.  jJ^j,  3=f^^-\]  adj.  indecl 
Tepid;  soft-boiled  (egg). 

^6S>dl,  y0^2  [Ass.  ululu]  m.  Elul, 
the  tweKth  month  of  the  year,  Sep- 
tember; answering  to  the  latter 
part  of  August  and  the  first  part 
of  September.    Aem.  I'l^'-L 

yX^i,  ^A*2  [t.  o^^-^]  The  prince 
of  a  tribe;  a  title  of  the  Mogul 
emperors;  a  commander. 

^^oouX*!       The      office       of      an 

^JLz,  ^siLl  [t.  ^^.]  Mt.  /.  A  vest, 
waistcoat.    Var.  ^^2,  )^2. 

a\*2  Marrow.    See   VV? 

y^\4  (j-j— )  [T.  ^==^^1]  An  am- 
bassador; a  messenger,  a  go-be- 
tween. 

2^eua\*i     [T.    s.]      Embassy,     the 


mission    of  an    ambassador  or  of 

a  go-between. 
.^:a\.2  (;^I— )  /.     The  tail   of  an 

Asiatic  ram.    See  ^^l, 
JSkba^i   [t.  ciUi^J]  a^i-  ^/ic^eci  Public 

property,  common. 
^Ajyi2  (^" )  [cs.]  m.   A  fruit  tree,  a 

tree. 

JiS^l  [h.    ^"n^   ^«]  Almighty    God, 
I"  «      ,< 

Omnipotent,  God.    See  Jyi^l. 

7  '      f 

^l  (;S,_)  [T.  OU?3]]  /.  Tribes 
(especially  nomadic).  JSJ»*i  origin- 
ally is  the  plural  of  \a2. 

,^2Sy,2  [cs.]  Mt.  coZZ.  /.  A  fruit  tree, 
an  orchard;  fruit. 

4s^i   iX'^ )    Huid,  the  feminine 

of  the  stag. 

JiOui  Alk.  j9row.  ?w.  and  /.  Which, 
which  one  of?     See  ^l, 

^iiO*2  adv.   When  (colloq.).   See  Jja*2. 

\^-\    [a.    cr^)i    c?-r*^]    ^^^i-    ^tidecl. 

Peaceful,  safe,  faithful  (used  of  a 

person). 
M*Lbou2)  wi*^a*i  «(^>  indecl.     Secure, 

peaceful,  safe  (used  of  a  place). 
;^0uLbA*2,  colloq.   ^.^1.2      Peace, 

security,  happiness. 
y«^y>.3  his^ ^  m.     Day-time,  day. 


^2 


34 


aSLl 


^2   [cs.  ^itdjil)  adv.    When,  what      Var.  2yi^,  lyi^l,  laouidl,  23QttA. 


time,  whenever. 
^2  [a.    ^U^.l]    m.      Faith,    belief; 
Islamism ;      religion ;     conscience. 
.ft'%olio»2o  ^oJNMii   'I  address  your 
good  faith'.    Duval,  Sal.  40.  17. 

J>bOu2,  u&ba*2,  =  J^  uju2  or  ^2 
uOUibO  Which  one  of  them? 

fAH^2  [a.  t.  j-^Up\]  adj.  indecl. 
Unbeliever,  infidel;  unjust,  cruel.   - 

^2   [cs.]  Tub.  adv.    Yes,  yea. 

^Ipron.    She.    See  ^o). 

9dixL2  [p.  ^-o  <*.xJT]  «(?;.  m(?ecZ.  A 
room  or  suite  of  rooms  lined  with 
mirrors  and  other  glittering  sur- 
faces; (more  correctly  aoaL*!). 

yioi  pron.  indecl.  Which,  who?  Yar. 
yi9wi2,  2b9ui2;  contracted  forms  ^2, 
;au2,  ^2,  5^2. 

Jl^ouL2  (i'ia*  _)  [cs.]  State,  declen- 
sion, case,  quality. 

M^2  [t.  J-^J]  a  needle-gun.  See 
A3^2.  Yar.  Aul,  ALii. 

;iiLt3ii*2  TuE.  ativ.  =  Utii  ^oj  When, 
while  then.    Lidz.  S.  S.  3.  5. 

vA^Q^^O*2  [g-  slaaYtoYrj]  ^)2.     Isagoge. 

230UQ»*2  (2a — )  rn.    Band,  tie,  fetter. 


See  ajfal 
JQ>*^^2,    uOft*V<&»2,     .o^jQal2  [g. 

taoTTi?,  laoTttv]  wi.     Jasper,  ruby. 
ysjjui  adv.  =  aJUa  ^oj   Then,  that 

time. 
2ajcayk2  (23 — )  Alk.  m.    A  bond,  a 

fetter;  (more  correctly  Jatt2). 
ihfijt,!  Alk.  »w.     Ascension,  ascent, 

a   going -up,   Luke   9.  15;    (more 

correctly  ;ilto2). 
^3^2  ttc^v.   That  time.    See  ^ajtul. 
23M.2  (2*3 )  >w.    A  rock,  precipice, 

a  large   stone,  /.  ^^3A*2  a  small 

rock. 
}AbOQiatJLk2  [g.  oixovofita]/.  Economy. 
£S*^IbOOiOLC3L2  ac^v-    Economically. 

^MbOOAQiaL2  (ji^ )  adj.  m.  Economist. 

lyjQjj,!  (23 )    til-     Honor,  respect; 

glory. 
hll,  Mt.  al2,   [Ass.  mnt]   lyar,   the 

sixth    month    of    the    year.    May; 

answering    to    the    latter   part   of 

April  and  the  first  part  of  May. 
iLl  3*2  (23—)  [A.  ^.1]    The  male 

organ  of  generation. 
33*2     [a.    >\j}\]  f.      Fault;    charge; 

objection. 


;aaL: 


35 


jfiKAkSo^i 


^9yi2  (U )  ^^i-  ^'     -^  native  of 

Iran,  a  Persian. 
uiJS>*I  [t.  (^^^J  «£?;'.  mcZecZ.  unbecom- 
ing, misfit;  incorrect. 
yj^2flJK*i  [er^l^r  .iUoJ]    The   chief 

usher  at  a  wedding  or  feast. 
M,  [cs.J  Mt.  ^2 Is, are.  J^Ml have 

Var.  ^2,     N*2,     ^*2,     >>l,    Tim. 

^*a,  Lmz.  S.  S.  15.  11. 
;S*2    Adverbial  ending,  e.  g.    Xi2aa 

external,   ^Sa^Soa  Syriac. 
4s*2    [g.  et'ca]  acZi?.   Then,  afterwards. 
^>M.2  TiA.  V.  ?i.  m.   Sitting,  a  session. 
^^O^J  (iSJ — )  [cs.]  /.    Substance, 

existence,  a  being.   4s*o^i  iko^s*! 

'the    divine    being';    'the    state    of 

existing  or  being'. 
^^^OJSa2  uU.  adv.    Substantially. 
^jS*2  ni.  A  being,  that  which  exists, 

a  living  existence,    ^jlaooifdi  ^£Sa2 

'the  infinite  existence',  'G-od'. 
^£Sa2    cidj.    m.      Pertaining    to    an 

;Ijs^2. 

yOJAt,^!  [g.  TjOtxtov]  /.  Ethics,  moral 


science. 


V 


;s*2  Is,  are.    See  ^l. 


Jlai  Mt.  adv.  Here.     Var.  ^2,  ^2, 
Sh.  ;&07ai,  ;Ao;a2,  Tub.  ^eai, 


;&laGA2,    LiDz.  S.  S.  82.  1.     U. 

^2  To  come.  =  ^2. 

^jVj?^2  colloq.  Secrets,  mysteries; 
(used  only  in  the  plural). 

\JiiL)Al  [t.  (^^*olsT  o\]  A  chamber- 
lain; one  who  has  the  charge  of 
the  interior. 

;i3A2  (^'— )  [^'  ^X^S^a]  /.  A  viper. 

3^*Oq2,  93uOa2  w.     Equator. 

^QSkl  (jri )  w.    A  piece  of  dried 

clay  formed  in  the  shape  of  a 
horse  shoe,  which  is  put  up  in 
a  tanoor  or  an  oven,  round  about  the 
entrance  to  the  ^Sl*^  'flue',  as 
a  support  for  the  jLfibf  'pile'  of 
fuel.     Comp.  ^o\2. 

;LSoa2  (4'—)  /•  -^oai'  litcpl 
Eater;  whatever  eats  away  or 
corrodes;  consumer,  one  who  eats 
to  excess,  glutton;  an  embezzler. 

^^kO^OSkl  The  state  of  eating  to 
excess,  gorging  [rare]. 

;^6al  (^■— )  /•  -^oai  i?M« 
Glutton;  itching.     See  ^So^l. 

J^OU^oaI  The  state  of  eating  to 
excess.    See  ^^o^os^i. 


i^!»N!^(V^2 


36 


«^9^Saa2  [Eng.]  adj.  inded.  Equi- 
lateral. 

JSOSki  [cs.]  Ash.  prej?.  Like,  as;  used 
with  the  pronominal  suffixes,  thus 

j^o^oai,  oii^o^i,  >f^09^>  ^i^^ 
me,  like  you,  like  him.     See  ^ui. 

w»*a2  [t.  ,3^^^]  adj.  inded.  Open, 
uncovered,  unreserved;  light  or 
pale  (color  or  shade);  somewhat 
impudent  or  saucy  (in  manners). 

^^Oma2  [t.s.]  Openness;  frowardness, 
indecency. 

^2  V.  t.  and  v.  i.  Sal,  To  come,  to  arrive ; 
to  happen,  p.  p.  ^1,  f-  ^^2 
plur.  l^l,  pres.  ;Ia^,  W- 1^)^, 

^2  V.  n.  and  inq).  coming;  come. 

lK'>l  (iii )  [t.  "^^3^]  One  of  the  two 

projections  jutting  out  of  the  upper 
and  lower  ends  of  the  jamb  or 
inner  side  of  the  door  and  fitted 
into  the  sockets  in  which  they  turn ; 
heel.    Var.  ;i^l  ^s^^ 

2A3aiA2  [t.]  sub.  inded.  Mortar; 
cement;    plaster.     See    2aaAaaf2. 

1^2  [cs.]  V.  t.  and  v.  i.  To  eat,  devour, 
consume;  to  embezzle;  to  corrode, 
wear  out;  to  itch;  to  threaten, 
menace,    p.  p.   ;iiLa2,  /.   ^^^2, 


plur.  >lik*a2,  pres.  ^Saja,  inf. 
jjtA^.  Used  with  nouns  to  form 
compound  verbs,  phrases  etc.  as, 
^'Sor  H>  ^^  ^2  'to  threaten'; 
^Am  \a2  'to  care';  ^^'^  ^1 
'to  be  punished';  i\jS0Q  ^sA  'to 
be  beaten'  ^fOf  tSal  'to  embezzle'; 
^mS  ^i  'to  eat'  ^o;c\tAy  ^2 
4suJB  'to  spend  one's  income  before 
it  is  due'. 

Aja2>  My^^m)  v.  n.  m.    Eating. 

)\^2  m.  Moth;  itching,  itch  /. 
4ooa2  (pronounced  also  ;iSao2). 

J^2  (ii'__)  Alk.  ptcpl,  f.  <^i, 
Eater.    See  the  following. 

,lSa?    Eating;    X^i   victuals.      See 

^xiski  (;»— )  ptcpl,  f.  .^siikal  Eater, 
consumer,  embezzler;  extravagant. 

^!Sa2  n.  /.  Eating,  devouring,  con- 
suming; embezzling,  ^^xo  -^^2 
extravagance. 

^^a.(A\a2  [cs.]  m.  An  accuser,  ad- 
versary; the  devil. 

^ho':^l  (;*■ — )  /.     Supper.      See 

^aai  [a.  (^\]  V.  t.  and  v.  i.  To  close,  to 
shut,  to  cover,  p.p.  Jiouai,  /.  ,$Mu;)2, 


Ma2 


37 


]3uloa^| 


pltir.  }bpbA2,  i)res.  ^iSakp,  ^^la, 
inf.  ;baa;^,  ^io^^i^.  Var.  ;aV,i 
p2^,  ;aua,  ^|a^7  )a^ka.     Comp. 

Jloai  V.  n.  m.  Shutting,  closing. 

JiaaZ  Alk.  adv.  and  acZj.  How  much, 
how  many.    See  Jiioa. 

sJ^iSki  (?*— )  [T.^_,si•^V4;■.w2.and/. 
Farmer,  agriculturer. 

^^OuajA2  [t.  s.]  Farming,  agriculture. 

UQjal  (^ — )  [a.  ,^*]  w.  Photo- 
graph.   See  uQja^-. 

;^oA»^i  Photography.  See  ;^otta4-. 

uQXJoAjQ^al  [g.  s$7)7rjoi?]  /.  Exegesis. 

jl*904aaj^  [&.  ^$op(a]  /.  Exile,  banish- 
ment. 

%isO^'^OJB0Sk\  [g-  s.]  Exilement,  the 
state  of  an  exile. 

^OuO^i  (jiO — )  [»•  a$i<i>ixa]  m. 
Axiom. 

aai  (is )  [T.^U^\]m.  A  corkscrew, 

screw-driver;  an  opener. 

laal  (I'S )    tn.    An    agriculturist, 

farmer,  a  husbandman.  Ass.  ikkdrii. 

933^2  (I'd )  [t.  P.]  See  preceding. 

Jl^eaaaal  [t.  p.  s.]  Agriculture,  farm- 
ing, husbandry. 

^j^oaai  See  preceding. 


iko^y^l,  ^y^^  [a-  ?y^J  /.  Honor, 
respect,  reverence,  worshiping,  ho- 
noring. 

^1  [cs.]  Tel.  Hate,  animosity,  a 
a  grudge.    See  ^. 

(32  [t.  jtj  m.  Crimson,  rosy  or  light 
chestnut  (color).    See  \vi, 

Si  prep.  To,  unto,  into,  towards, 
against,  j^  is  added  simply  for 
the  sake  of  euphony.  ^2  is  only 
used  as  a  prefix  to  nouns  and 
the  pronominal  suffixes,  e.  g.  yi^2 
^Ol^;;.  /^^*ai2  (colloq.)  for  ^^^ 
'into  the  house'.    See  i^. 

%^'i  Ash.  v.  i.  To  weep,  to  mourn. 
See  ijj. 

%^l  conj.  contracted  form  of  %^  ^j|. 
If  not,  but,  except,  otherwise. 

^^jl  adv.  Especially,  particularly. 

^c^'iyi  (?1— )  [A.  P.  ^""^^  or  J^ 
,^^^1]  adj.  One  who  believes  in  or 
professes  ji^ouO^I^i. 

uiOpi!^!  A  religious  sect  in  Islam. 

;^flu0^i^2  [a.  p.  s.]    See  preceding. 

L^isL^i  [t.  J\  <^  J^  lit.  hand  to  hand]. 
Immediately,  at  once. 

23i^oaS2  [p.  l^li-^^T  lit.  Bokhara 
plum.]  /.    A  kind  of  prune. 


Aa^I 


38 


ui070^2 


)Sjaj2,  ^\J3^j^  [k.]  An  expression 

of  a  resolute  purpose,  by  all  means; 

with  negation,  by  no  means. 
^•^ i J  4^a^i  [A.<^^\]adv.  Certainly, 

of    course,    by    all    means.     Var. 

J^iia^ai,  6i6^ai.  colloq.  ^^oSai. 
S^l  [A.^]f.  A  remedy.  Sp.p.A>lv. 
X\?  [t.  liill]  m.  Marrow;  essence.  See 

Tepid,  lukewarm.    See  \VV^? 

y^nS^Si,  ^anS^Si  [a.  o^r^^]  «>'^- 
/.   Algebra. 

^t^"^'^\    >  ^^^*  ^^^'  -Algebraically, 
jlafl^i  adj.  m.  Algebraist,  pertain- 
ing to  Algebra. 

^i,  ^1  (;f,-,  ^)  [T.  ^\ 

JJ\]  f.  Handle  of  an  implement,  a 

crank. 
^S^'i  (;S^—)  [T.  ^\J1]  m.    A  cloth 

with  red  and  white  stripes, 
^auboo^i   [h.  n^m)^]   m.    Algum 

tree,    cypress;    sandal   wood.     See 

Oj^2  [cs.]  prep,  with  the  pronominal 
suffix  of  the  third  person  sing.  m. 
Him,  to  him;  it,  to  it. 

6p^  prep.  f.    Her,  to  her;  it,  to  it. 


opi  [a.  <aSi\]  (colloq.)  God.  wMAibb  fl^i 
o^  'may  Grod  give  him  rest';  (used 
in  mentioning  the  name  of  the 
dead);  ^aSaoju  ^oob  aiil 
'may  God  strengthen  you';  (address- 
ed to  men  working);  ^cubo  opi 
'godspeed,  good  bye'.  ^»  opi 
'paSi  'far  from  it,  God  forbid'. 
;.Vi*  ^^y^MS't)  o^i  'God  is  merci- 
ful' (a  consolatory  ejaculation). 

^opi  (laj — )  God,  the  one  supreme 
being. 

^^opi  ult.  adv.    As  God,  divinely. 

23dpi  [a.  »j.=^^,  a^i*.  ^ft]  adj.  and 
adv.  Special,  particular,  specially, 
seperately.  More  correctly  l^af^S*. 

^^oopi  Godhead,  deity,  divinity. 

^opi  (fi. — )  adj.  Godly,  godlike, 
divine. 

^^Ou.o^i  Godliness. 

fiSMopi  cidv.  Certainly,  of  course, 
by  all  means,  by  any  means,  with- 
out hesitation.    See  ftsa!Si. 

JJSopi  Goddess. 

010^2  prep,  with  the  pronominal  suffix 
of  the  third  person  sing.  /.  Her, 
to  her;  it,  to  it.    See  ajUlil, 

mO)o32  prep,   with    the    pronominal 


•p^ofo^l 


39 


j>MLi,a,S^ 


suffix  of  the  third  person  sing.  m. 

Eim,  to  him,  it,  to  it.    See  op  2. 
^070!^^  [h.  DNn'^«]  Elohim,  God. 
^Q^j^  prep,  with  the  pronominal  suffix 

of  the  second  person  sing.  m.    To 

you,  you,  for  you. 
^0^2  (;i— )    [P.   ^^jyJl   /.    lit.    a 

small  plum.]   A  plum,  a  plum  tree. 

•  oaoSjl  prep,  with  the  prenominal 
suffix  of  the  second  person  plur. 
To  you,  for  you,  you. 

4^01^2  (;2sl— )  [P-  S-]  /•  A  single 
plum;  the  whole  species  of  the 
plum;  ^^s*ao^2  individual  plums. 

^iS^ou^i  Ash.  adv.  Carelessly,  for 
nothing,  Lidz.  S.  S.  147.  17. 

w^fti\*aSoij2  plur.  Brownies,  small 
and  invisible  creatures.  See 
A  \^\  \m  or  \piia.VoiM. 

o-\i.r\\«<  ^\i.ft\<»  rJW/  m\<i  >rb/  m\«» 

^*yy\^S2  [t.]  adv.  Thinly,  slightingly, 
sparsely.  ;^f!S2  i^  ^>s^  ^'is 
'the  snow  has  thinly  settled'.  yV*" 
^Ai9f  ?4>V^\?  'wheat  thinly  sown'. 
A  word  of  uncertain  etymology. 

■4  V  V  ^^ V^  ^  -A-  play  in  which  one 
hops  or  leaps  on  one  leg,  hopper, 
hop-scotch. 


JSl  prep,  with  the  pronominal  suffix 

of  the  first  person  sing.  Me,  to  me, 

for  me. 
JS^  J  ^o^  2  preii.  with  the  pronominal 

suffix    of  the    third    person    plur. 

Them,  to  them,  for  them. 

with  the  pronominal  suffix  of  the 

second  person  plur.    To  you,  you, 

for  you. 
■J* A  ?  TiA.  prep,  with  the  pronominal 

suffix  of  the  first  person  plur.    To 

us,  us,  for  us. 
P^rS?   (^ )  adj.    A  man  of  ex- 
perience,   cunning,    clever.     From 

verb  ^.4Vr 
^2,  :i^l  {i^—)  [A.  ^<J1]/.  The 

tail  of  an  Asiatic  ram,  which  is  large 

and  fat  and  weighs  several  pounds. 
oaJ^2  prep,  with  the  pronominal  suffix 

of  the    second    person    plur.     To 

you,  you,  for  you. 
^^^Iprep.  with  the  pronominal  suffix 

of  the  second  person  sing.  /.    To 

you,  you,  for  you. 
;ia*aii    [a.    ^^\]  /.     Alchemy, 


chemistry.    See  ^'-■^-'^    and  ^Liaa. 
Arm.  lu^^jiiljtui. 


vkfiva^l 


40 


4^1 


ufrijAjl  [t.  (,.5^^  J^  lit.  red  calico] 
ant  also  Si  /^jA  /•  A  kind  of 
small  and  reddish  figured  calico. 

ursASl  (^)  [T.  ^^^^]  m.  and/.  A 
dealer  in  sieves,  a  sieve-maker. 

^^Ou9kA^2  The  trade  of  making 
sieves  or  of  dealing  in  them. 

jiftSkji  Chemistry.    See  jlbouaSi. 

^l^aSl  (jlSs* )  A  ram's  tail;  errone- 
ously for  ^Q^  'udder'.  See 
^^saXtl  and  ^^2. 

uNe>3J(0»S2  wi.  Electricity  (from 
English). 

;au!lL  069^1  [h.  D''il0'?«]  m.  Almug,  al- 
mug  tree;  probably  sandal  wood. 
See  ^3Uboo^i. 

ktolxSi  (isa — )  [p.  A.  ^UJl]  m.  Dia- 
mond,  adamant;  any  very  hard 
or  impenetrable  substance;  also  a 
woman's  name.    See  jtoo^hl. 

jaSbtbaSi,  ;^i  [t.  ^  ^t]  adj.  in- 
decl.  A  clever  but  untruthful  person, 
treacherous.  See  jaSbflbaSi**.  The 
last  part  in  the  original  is  em- 
ployed merely  to  rhyme  or  jingle 
with  the  first. 

^Iprejh  with  the  pronominal  suffix  of 
the  first  person  plur.  Us,  to  us,  for  us. 


adj.   indecl.    Elastic    (from 
English).  / 

s^6saif4sSl  /.    Elasticity. 

'  I*       I*  I* 

;^1  (;>*—)  [cs.]  Sal.   A  rib. 

^l  ^i,  4S2,  4S0:  (;^— , 

l^ )  /.  Alpha,  name  of  the  first 

letter  in  the  Syriac  alphabet. 
s^Sl  A  monopolist.    See  <^!^. 

\^Sl  construct  form  of  ?a.SJ  thousand, 

It  '       > 

employed  always  with  >,^''^j  and 
immediately  preceding  it;  as,  \^) 
J*^Si  'thousand  thousands'. 

;^i,  [cs.]  Sal.  ;^i  (;S_)  adj. 
Thousand.  ^'A^i  thousands  of 
units. 

^1:  Sal.  ;^2^  (?S— )  ^  coin  of 
Persia  which  is  equal  to  one  tenth 
of  a  hibo^  toman  or  twenty  Jllouai 
sJialiees;  ten  cents. 

^*tt^i  /.  Alphabet. 

;^ogi5i   Monopoly.    See   ^iso^L. 

J*i\|  Thousands,  used  always  with 
\^iSi  and  immediately  following  it; 
as,  b"5^S  ?  \^Si  'thousand  thous- 
ands'. 

jS^2  adj.  indecl.  Habitual,  the  result 
of  frequent  use,  (Arabic  form  of 
adverb.)  from  verb  v4\?j  \^\,\ 


^'i 


41 


o33>-iaoj 


^2  V.  i.  To  be  in  haste,  to  be  urgent. 

adj. 


See  «^. 


Essential,  necessary. 

Sopolil  [A.  Js^^J^]  Alcohol. 

;l3;attSi  (;!—)/•  -^2**—,  ct<^j-  Alko- 
shite,  of  or  belonging  to  Alkosh. 
^aoSi  ?>n^<^  'Alkosh  script'. 

;^3iiii'2  (;ii;— )  [t.  ^^^^^JT]/.  Jack- 
daw, crow. 

aSi  jcSo;a^2  (;S_)  [T.  ^vT,  jiNjT 

J^'^^^  Small  chips  of  wood  and 
straw  which  are  usually  used  as 
fuel,  thrash,  (commonly  used  in  a 
plural  sense). 

abi^2  [h.  ^"^^  b^]  Almighty  God,  an 
epithet  of  God.    See  ^^s^2. 

3X0X^2  [t.  Jiy.^  ^i]  (ht.  taking 
and  giving)  /.  Trade,  commerce, 
business. 

4^2  (;Sv— )  [A.  ^tl  /•  A  lattice  of 
the  window;  an  apparatus,  a  tool. 

,^2  Ash.  /.  An  instrument,  imple- 
ment, LiDz.  S.  S.  196. 12.  See  pre- 
ceding. 

^l  Mt.    An  orchard.     See  4s^^ 

:a'^^l  (Ue—)  [A.  ,\0]  /.  A  pro- 
mise  to  protect  certain  interests. 


made  usually  in  writing;  an  under- 
taking. 

wm6s^j^>  6SM>6fk^l  adv.  Down,  below. 
Var.  ^««is^,  ^««^^,  wM^.!^^. 

^>^2  [t.  <^xJ1]  adj.  and  siih.  indecl. 
Tepid  lukewarm;  slightly  cooked 
234ica2.    See  ^2. 

J^^^l  [A.  ^U,^\]  f.  A  request, 
supplication,  begging  a  favor. 

^j^JObOi!^^  (i^—)  [A.  T.  ^s::-'U:Ji] 
participle,  m.  and/.  One  who  makes 
a  request,  an  intercessor,  a  peti- 
tioner. 

;^euauQ>:a»^^:  (>K— )  [a-  t.  s.]  The 

act  of  an  intercessor,  intercession. 
^I^S;;  (;&_)  [A.  OUUJl]  /.  Favor, 

respect,  regard,  attention. 
*s2  interj.    Hum,  hem,  expressive  of 

doubt,  deliberation. 
^2  V.  i.    To  swear.    See  JhaJ. 
^^2  (^^2)  Hundred;  jli©2  thousands 

of  units.    See  ^po. 
yai^i(2'i )  [^o'-^**]/-  A  storeroom, 

a  garnary,  a  place  for  storage.    See 

Saui.    Arm.  ^luif^uip. 
akiboi  [A.J---U]  m.  Amber,  ambergris. 
e03dboi  [P-  ^/^  lit-   0^  ambergris 

smell]  m.    A  kind  of  aromatic  rice 


4^^ 


42 


^i 


S^l  (?i![— )  [P-  ^^^]  *»^-    -^i"^'  goal, 

target. 
d^2    hS\S\    [t.  liUl]   m.    Labor, 

pains,  trouble. 

abo2  TiA.   To  say.    See  aio2. 
■  «»  "  <• 

99d92  [a.  >\j^\]  f.  Assistance,  help. 
30ibo2   (2^* — ,   2a — )    [a.  ^^\]  f. 

Hope.    Correctly  3MiaOo2. 
23Oi02  (I'i—)  atZj./.  ;^3Qbo2,  Thick, 

dense;  frequent. 
23Qbo2  (2'd )  Mt.  m.    A  tool,   an 

instrument.    See  23QbASi. 
}^O30692  Thickness;  density. 

^O0i2,  \o0i'2  (if,—)  [T-er^^]/. 
A  nozzle  through  which  babes  draw 
milk  from  the  bottle, 

Jwfboj^  [a.  jiUixl]/.  A  signature,  sign- 
ing of  a  document. 

^2  /.  Amen. 


^1   [ 


A.     /•»■"-* 


1]   adj.  indecl.    Trusty, 


secure,  peaceful,  faithful.  See  MbOu2. 

d\*jLbo2  ult.  adv.  Peacefully,  safely, 
permanently. 

lisoAtlSil  [a.  s.]  Peacefulness,  security, 
permanence.     See  ^^QAL,ba*2. 

^MAjiol  adj.  indecl.  Secure,  safe,  peace- 
ful, trusty.    K.  ^U^\. 

9^2,  Mt.  2a*bo2  (l?— )  [a.^-»^]  m. 


Amir,  a  commander,  a  chief,  leader, 
a  prince,  a  title  of  the  prime  mi- 
nisters. ;L^o^9^2,  (^i^:>^j^\) 
'commander  of  the  artillery'.  O3uilao2 
30^ik^  (7?^    j^^)  'great  admiral'. 

'Caliph,  commander  of  the  faith- 
ful'. 

2993^^92  (29 — )  [a.  p.  «>l);~r°^]  m.  A 
prince,  one  of  noble  birth. 

^^2  [t.?]/-    a  syringe. 

eSlsol,  )^2,  adj.  m.  and/.  Cunning, 
artful.    See  o\ba^. 

;sSipl  la^l  ti^2  [a.  ^\,  p. 
3J^\]  m.    The  myrobalan-tree. 

7l*tT?  (jlio )  [a.  ^l^\]  Imam;  in  Is- 
lam, a  leader  in  religious  matters, 
prelate,  patriarch.  Caliph,  plaol 
^ikbOdV  (<^-*'-*^  ^l^O  Imam  who  re- 
cites the  Friday  prayers  for  the 
sovereign. 

^20^2  (^ )  [a.  .L«Uft]/.  A  turban, 

a  tiara,  worn  by  Musulman  priests 
and  judges. 

JNbbib92   [a.  cU/oUl]  /.    Imamate,   the 

'  I* 

office  of  the  Imam. 
^2  [a.  c>lc\]  f.  Pardon,  pity,  mercy; 
a  suing  for  mercy,  a  begging  for  help, 


fiiol 


43 


^ibo2 


a  crying  for  assistance,  when  in 
distress  or  in  fear  of  danger;  as, 
help!  help!  a  note  in  music. 

K.  ^^^\]  m.  A  dish,  a  vessel.    Arm. 

uiJuib,    See  ^^. 
^siboi  [cs.]  The  memoria  technica  of 

the  letters  ^,  4,  bo,  2.  which  are 

prefixed  to  the  roots  of  the  verbs 

in  making  the  tenses. 
isilaol  (;& — )  [a.  ^Ul]  /.  A  charge, 

a  deposit,  anything  given  in  trust. 

See  ^i^aio^oi. 
9k^£slbo2,    sp^ii^i    [A.   p.  ^iCoU, 

^\>^X>Lol]  m.  and  /.     A  depository. 

LiDz.  217.  12. 
^^oaaJSibol  [a.  p.  s.]  a  depository. 
\l3u^2,   colloq.  ilaJSkbo;^  (^'— ) 

m.    Imperial,  a  Russian  gold  coin 

of  the  value  of  seven  dollars  and 

seventy-two  cents. 
\^6sSf^h6si^2,  [Eng.]  Impenetrability. 
iSIsk^hal  Imperial.  Same  as  t^Xi^^2. 
9OJS3)ilb0j|  (2d — )  [Latin  Imperator] 

Emperor. 
Ji>«O3O^3k^ib0J^  Empire,  emperorship. 
^2    colloq.  =  l^    q.    v.      To    be 

able. 


ll^l    (Ia — )   ptcpl,   f.   Jtss^ 
Able,  capable. 

^^2  (;&*—,  ;K— )  [cs.]  The 
gecko,  lizard.    See  Jlf^bo. 

abol  [cs.]  V.  t.  and  v.  i.  To  say,  to  tell,  to 
speak,  to  talk,  to  utter,  p.  p.  2^Jicii, 
/.  ;^3ubo2,i^^Hn  23m^2,  pres.  29M^, 
inf.  2ai*)^. 

also2  Mt.  a  auxiliary,  forming  an  im- 
perative; as,  ^fla  hlapii  'let  him  go', 
or  'tell  him  to  go'.  From  verb  aio2. 

aao2  preterite.  He  said;  as,  aySl^  hti32 
AiOX* 'Jesus  said  unto  him';  archaic. 
(Matt.  8.  7.) 

aboi  also  Alk.  29Oh0J[  [A.yc\]m.  An 
order,  a  command;  a  business. 

2aib2  v.  n.  m.   Saying. 

2aJso2  (2d )  [cs.]    Lamb,   the  first 

sign  of  the  zodiac,  Aries.  See  2d^. 

>.bo23hih92  /•  Grumble,  complaint, 
mutter,  murmur. 

3M2Db92  y^lt-  f-    A  rumor,  a  hearsay. 

fDkboi  (jf )  [t.?]  Implement  (com- 
monly agricultural),  tool,  instrument 
(a  word  of  uncertain  etymology). 

;IaDb92,  J-aaspi  (;!!_),/.  -^— , 

adj.    An  American. 
kaSthoi  m.  A  kind  of  muslin  supposed 


ahoakiol 


44 


tauof^j! 


to  have  been  made  in  or  imported 

from  America, 

3d03iM2  lilt  f.    Grumble,  complaint. 

See  3kbp2'>^2  and  B>bft%V). 

a69>bo2  ult.  f.  A  rumor,  a  hearsay. 
It    II 

See  9ibo2>»2. 

II      II 

tk^i  (;*—)'  /•  4s4— ,  P^ci^L  One 
who  speaks,  tells  or  says. 

;£s9bS02  n.  Saying,  telling. 

^aSp^Mp2,  iSakap;^Mp2?*?^./.  Mutter, 
murmur. 

J^!:ol  [cs.]  A  maid-servant,  a  maid.  See 

.2,  .2  coUoq.  contracted  form  of  yA2 

Those,  they  (Alk.  version  Matt. 
27.  54). 

.2,  .2  TuE.  def.  art   The. 

^  conj.   If. 

^2,  [cs.]  Tkh.  ji 2 i?ro«.  Those,  these. 

^2;  ^2  interj.  In  such  phrases  as: 
'what  do  you  call  it'?  Used  as  a 
noun  to  designate  something  which 
one  cannot  at  the  moment  re- 
member. 

jl2  p'on.   I. 

aaui  (23 — )  [p.  ^^^]  f.  Storage, 
store-room,  garner;  reservoir  (pro- 
nounced rather  aaJsol). 


asaaai,  h'Sxisoiadj.  A  storehouse- 
keeper. 

ui9a&2,  y.3kibo2  Garments  which  are 
damaged  from  remaining  in  the  shop 
for  a  long  time  or  from  not  being 
used,  shop  worn;  one  who  is  lessened 
in  activity  for  want  of  exercise. 

;ti^2,  ;^j^  (^— )  ^^-  "*•  ^^  0^^^' 

^\V%j  Mt.  /.    Ploughshare. 

;i^2  (j^—)  [t.  ^^]  m-  Jaw,  jaw- 
bone. 

9^io;^s2  (ri—)[T.j\^^\^\^\\  Ca- 
parison,  trappings  (used  in  the  plural 
form  and  somewhat  slightingly). 

simply. 
J^l  (^)  [t.  ^^\  K.  ^^^]  WJ.  A 
chain  made  of  gold  or  silver  to 
which  coins  are  attached,  which  the 
women  tie  over  their  foreheads  as 
an  ornament  (Is.  3.  18).  An  orna- 
ment in  the  form  of  a  crescent  for 
camels. 

>tVu^^i;  [t.  o^W-**^]  P-  P-  H^J^^^'  in- 
jured, wounded  in  feeling.  The  only 
form  used  with  Syriac  auxiliaries 
^ooy  and  aa^  to  denote  various 
tenses,   e.  g.   iSoa)  %Xb(xA»2  'he 


TlUfV^ll 


45 


was  hurt'.  «y  \^^\^  ^^^"^A*-?  'he 
hurt  him'. 

ali^2  (I'a — )   An  engineer. 

\V*?  [a.  Jl5;il,  t.  J^\]  indecl.  Detri- 
ment, obstacle,  drawback,  hindrance. 

lish  language,  an  Englishman. 

An    Englishman;     pertaining     to 

English. 
2x1^2  [T.  ^j^:^\]  f.  England. 
^f  3ki2  (^f )  [p.  ajl  jJl]  m.  A  measure 

of  length   used   by    carpenters,    a 

measure,  an  ell,  a  yard. 
^3ki2  [p-  f^^^]  /.  Countenance,  figure, 

form   (of  the   body),   visage,    ihiao 

^3k&2  beautiful,  jaaal  Js  homely. 

AeM.    luLn-uiiT, 

00712  cowj.   If  [rare]. 

00^2  [a.  <^\]  Tel.   That  he  is,  that 

is.    LiDZ.  S.  S.  341.  1. 
wiO)l2;  Alk.  y,qii  jgron.    They,  those. 
Jloroii  Tae.  ^ojoii  Sh.  ^ron.    See 

preceding. 

;^i  (;i' )  Mt.  a  spindle,  distaff. 

u^^tfliSfAJ  [T.  ^J^  ^y\  lit.  a  5^Aj« 

malik  of  Anzal  (place)].  A  dwarf, 

pigmy. 


j^,  Mt.  I6,t*xl  conj.  If.  See  oafxl. 

^IbOO^li  [g.  avaxo[i7j]  /.    Anatomy. 
uQ>n\,fia%S.S^>i>  LftA\,m>S.\,ii  [a- 

'Avxt^pioTo;]    Antichrist,    the    false 

Christ.    Comp.  wSiiik^?. 

I  ^*^;Sy*^^* !  [g- 'AxXavxixo;]  m.  At- 
lantic    (ocean);     (more     correctly 

^ari«y,A\;i). 

yA2>  Ja2>  Alk.  yll i'^'on.  They,  those, 
^i,  ^2  i?row.    Those,  they. 
^2  Mt.  a  worm  which  annoys  sheep 
in  spring. 

^AO^i,  ^a^2,  l^h  ^^\  ^^^^^■ 
pron.   They,  those. 

;^al2  Egotism. 

,^^2  Tl4..  =  ^jj4  Purpose. 

6(>lil  [a.  '^^]  f.  Conscience,  (often 
promiscuously  used  with  Js*»  Pur- 
pose). 

^2   [Eng.]  /.  Inch. 

9^2  V.  i.  To  be  shy,  to  fear,  to  shrink 
back,  to  be  discouraged,  p.  p. 
2390^02,  /.  ;^ai9ao2,  ;^39^o2. 
plur.  23^o2,   pres.   ihoOAl,  inf. 

t  "      '  i   '  ' 

23oaa2^. 
aa^l  [a.  ^feo\]  /.    Denial,   disavowal, 
refusal,   negation;   construed   with 
the  verb.  9t^. 


aOAOMBAl^ 


46 


<s*;x»2 


akaaohoakSksi  [a.  ^-^  ^li]  The  two 
angels  who  examine  the  dead  at 
their  graves. 

UsAii  (^a— ),  /.  1^—,  adj. 
Timid,  shy. 

^^aa^i  Fear,  timidity,  want  of 
courage. 

;2!^o\i2  [g.  dvotXoYia]/.  Analogy. 

^yi^lV<>^2  ult.  adv.  Analogically. 

^^^eSll  (;!' — )  Analogist. 

JMacSli,  also  kXDuJOO^^l  [&•  ava- 
Xooi;]  m.   Analysis. 

jki  To  revile  or  abuse  the  dead. 

;^euu2  Egotism.   See  ;^oai. 

JLtlii2[G-.dvaYX7)]  adj.  Necessary,  essen- 
tial.  ItiAxi  ^  'from  necessity'. 

^lii^jttiij  ult.  adv.  Essentially,  necess- 
arily. 

;*a42  (iJo—)  f.   ^_,  adj. 

Essential,  necessary,  radical,  indis- 
pensable. 

^isouAui  Necessity,  essentiality. 

ucMj^  [a.  j^L«il]  indecl.  A  human 
being,  a  person,  mankind,  a  man. 

^^ojslucaij^,  ;^OAiitej^  [a.  cuJ'uJi] 
The  noble  and  humane  qualities 
of  a  man  or  woman,  manliness, 
womanliness. 


7^2  (;!»_)    [A.  ,is6\]  f.    A  gift, 

prize,  present,  reward,  by  a  superior 

to  an  inferior. 
J^2  [h.  nBi«]  m.  Heron,  ibis.  Hoopoe. 
jl^i   [a  -^.^iAJI]  /.    Snuff;  pulverized 

tobacco   or  other  substance  which 

is  snuffed. 
793k^2  TiA.  Bravo!    See  H«a^2. 
ti^M^j^    [a.    uiUail]    /.      Conscience; 

justice,  equity;  a  woman's  name. 
J^^  ^1   adv.    Conscienstiously. 
390il&2  [t.  >jyJ\?]  adj.  A  person  of 

enormous  size,  abnormal. 
^iLCui  Mt.    The   lower   part   of  a 

shroud. 
■  yVhi?^  [a.  jiiil]  Alk.  interj.  Avaunt, 

be  gone. 
^3Jk2  [Eng.]     Inertia. 
jd2  ahs.  and  cons,  of  ^2.  Man.  jsl 

2:aotM9  'a  nian  of  friends'  or  'lover 

of  friends'  ^L^kAs  JU,l  'Hobgoblin, 

an  imp.'  ^Sjbla  jd2  'a  servant  in 

attendance'. 
^2  (^2)  [cs.]  A  man,  human,  ^2 

Ji3IA2  'some  men'. 
^j^  (j^O  "^  woman,  a  wife  (Alk. 

version  Matt.  11.  11). 
^a|LX42  ult.  adv.     Manly,  humanly. 


^a^l 


47 


iSji^oj! 


^oau2  (pk )  dim.     A  small  man, 

manikin. 

lisoatil  Manliness,  mankind;  mascu- 
line energy;  qualities  of  the  male 
sex. 

^Iu2  (JL )   cidj.     Manly,   manlike. 

)^all  =  ^2  )^  Mt.    No  body,  no 


man. 


0jS\ai2  [a.  .UJULi)  ^1]  interj.  If  God 

wills,  Deo  volente. 
Wi,  [cs.]  ^^»i;  Tkh.  ^42,  ^orl;  Tia. 

and  Z.    kscrji,   isbjl;  Gtaw.   ^isai. 

pron.  m.    Thou,  you. 
4ftfi032JS&2  [g-  'Avxapxix6?]  m.    Ant- 
arctic. 
UQ>07^2  [A.  T.  ^_5-^L{JU1]  adv.  finally. 
;I»0^i2  [g.   avaxofXTj]  /.     Anatomy. 

See  ^IbOO^&i. 
99£S&2    [a.  ^Ikxil]    indecl.     Anxiety, 

disquietude,  expectancy,  looking  out 

for  (construed  with  J^ooy  and  ^Sij,) 
;fes09f^i2  [A.  s.]    See  preceding. 
M^ii,  y^i;  Tkh.  ^>a2,  ^*iSoi2;  Tia. 

and  Z.  «isar2;  GrAw.  JS(>a2  pron.f. 

Thou,  you. 
;a^^&i,  ;fiL^A2(;a— ,  ;B_)  ad;.w. 

and/.  Antique, ancient.  See^jOu6(Si. 
hOnym\r>fr>A2,      jaoVymV%tis*2 


Tjio )    Antichrist.    See 

jafty,m\\\;i2. 
.  is&2  pron.  m.  and/.  Thou,  you.  See 

:aLb^s2  [a.  ^Ux51]  /.    Revenge,  venge- 
ance (construed  with  Xtlas). 
Itttl  Cidv.    Ever,   certainly,   with   ^ 


never. 


Jia2  wi.    Myrtle  tree  or  shrub. 

iso;jQ>2  [t.  <Zj3,^^)f.  Black  pepper. 

JCD^2  Household  effects,  furniture. 
See  um2. 

■aaft>j  (^^ ^  [a.  (__'L-u}\]  m.  Instru- 
ment, tool,  weapon,  arm. 

jfOJolj  [a.  Ol-jJ^]  /.  Proof,  evidence; 
an  achievement.    See  ^-j^. 

^Oiol  (^ )  [g-  aotuxo?]  m.  Prodi- 
gal, wasteful. 

J^^O^OiO>2   Prodigality,   debauchery. 

J^atoi  (it, )  [-Ai^M-  ui""cb]  Assyrians, 

Syrians. 

isoJQ>2  Black  pepper.    See  iso^^. 

2a4^2  (;iso — )  [g.  axaoiov]  m.  A 
stadium,  a  parasang,  furlong,  one 
eighth  of  a  Eoman  mile. 

2^^2,  2j>\^fi>2  (2a—)  [p.  >^^K 
>l:Uo^\]  Alk.  a  master,  teacher. 
See  3;^o2. 


\ff?^!! 


48 


laJbl 


^^ii^l  Of—)   [^'  oxaStov]/.    A 

race-course,  distance  of  an  eighth 

of  a  Roman  mile. 
afiU}oikHA>2  [g^.  Stojixoi]  sub.  and  adj. 

stoic;  stoical. 
fi^^afiLjiQ^A>2  ult  adv.   Stoically. 
^ft^eu£Ljlo^iQ>j^      Stoicism,     stoical- 

ness. 
^t9rkn\mii  (Jjbb — )  [g.  otoixetov]  m. 

Element,  principle. 
?Iofta^fl>2  (^— )  «<^i-  Elementary, 

rudimental. 

Stomach. 

G.  oTuXoc,  Set.  sthuna]  m.  A  pillar, 
a  column.  ;^9tbp3  ^oi^l  'day- 
break'. 
J^u^fi>2  [a.  lij».:;A*j\J  /.  Resignation 
of  an  office  or  position  (construed 
with  yaL)'    See  ;|k^6yQ>2. 

^ayol,  ys>^l  (^"— )  W  *^-    ^ 

glass,  goblet,  a  tumblar. 
;iiU^2  (ji— )  [G.oToXrj]/.  A  robe, 

vestment,  stole. 
AllLfi>i  (I'S )  [p.^lJUoT]  m.  The  lining 

of  a  garment,  the  inner  side  of  a 

garment. 


2  (;!^_)  [p.T.  ^^U^rjac?;-. 
m.  and  /.  A  cotton  or  linen  cloth 
intended  specially  for  lining. 

}I\o^03kS^j^  [g.  aoxpoXoYta]  /. 
Astrology. 

jQk^o^o>V^<y>j^  (^' — )  adj.  m.  An 
astrologer. 

jl*bOOab\S^(H»j^  [g.  doTpovo[xia] /.  As- 
tronomy. 

}IIb0QiO3\A2  (^'— )  (^dj.  m.  An 
astronomer. 

[a.      jJw^a::^l-k*o      or      G.     OTpaYYiiXYj] 

Estrangelo,  the  form  of  the  Syriac 
alphabet  which  prevailed  during 
the  flourishing  period  of  Syriac 
literature ;  to  be  distinguished  from 
the    later     cursive     script    called 

^I2jcd2  (ik )  cidj.    Asian,  Asiatic,  a 

man  from  Asia. 
yKtnal    V.  n.   m.     Ascending,   going 

up,  climbing,  rising.     ^^  yOugoil 

*up  and  down'. 
4sC3UiQ>2n.     Ascending,  rising. 
23ulQ>2,     23miJQ>2,     3MiQ>i    (2*9—)     m. 

Bound,  a  prisoner,  captive. 
29Ia>2,  3^2    V.    n.     m.      Binding, 


^aLfi>l 


49 


laJiai 


tying.       ;^3  ajjol  'waist'.    '^Ifyl 

233m  'apron';  'breast-plate'. 
^3mA2  colloq.  p^cpZ.     Binder.      See 
^3JQ32. 

;^aIiQ92  «•     Binding,  tying. 
?\f^O,ft> }  [g.  oxolri]  f.     School.     See 

^eojsil,      ^oQJoi     (i*—)i  J- 

,^MbS ,    cidj.      Scholar,     student, 

pupil. 

iSsoSoOkml,  ikp^ostJ^aii  Scholar- 
ship. 

.oAopuCdj^  [g-   oy6\\.o\]  m.     Scholia. 

^oauQ92  (;^«I— )  Threshold.  Var. 
4ldoAA92,  :^onml^,  ^slJolA, 
>^'tio^^2,  ^q£U>2,  ^otlA. 
Ass.  askuppu. 

?tfli*?Mn»2,  ^bOua^i  (;:io — )  [G.ox^fxa] 
m.  Scheme,  plan,  design,  habit. 
yO\t«it  Mop  2^9^0923  'by  the 
habit  or  personality  of  Mar  Shimon' 
(Patriarch).    An  asseveration. 

jij>ax»2  (iS' )  [Ital.  scala;  t.  <^U^1] 

/.  A  landing  place,  port;  a  gang- 
plank. 

;!^l>^aa>o2  (i^"— )  [t.  ^o.»x.*^1]  w. 
A  stool. 


^^^  vinegar,  ^:j.;^^\  honey]  m. 
Oxymel.    Arm.   up^TSnuuf^^. 

:a(^2,  :a;^2  [a.  ^U^l]  /.  Islam, 
Mohammedanism ;  resignation  to 
the  will  of  God. 

}^obAJUQ>2  [a.  s.]  Mohammedanism. 
See  preceding. 

^3k^2  [a.  p.  Jiy^-ol]  wi.  Sifted 
earth  applied  to  the  bodies  of  in- 
fants instead  of  powder. 

ui3»b9iQ}i  (jl — )  [a.  p.  ^j^r^\]  adj.  indecl. 
Dark  of  complexion,  brown,  bru- 
nette, tawny. 

■jfom\  [a.  ^^\]  [Alk.]  coll.  House- 
hold furniture,  household  effects, 
chattels. 

gMJ  (;£» — )  [a.  ,y^^^^]  A  night 
policeman.    See  jonaai, 

4w{wa2    Mt.      Basis,     foundation 

[Alk.  version    Luke  6.  48.]    Ass. 

asdsu. 
a^O^JOl    [g.  ok6yyo?»  a.  <*^-^-^1]  /. 

Sponge. 
:istio^j;ol    >^o^A>2    (;SJ— )  J- 

Threshold.    See  ^atlA2. 
■LJtPii^flrl   [g.  aairU]  /.     Adder,  asp. 


t>>j.}%iAS>). 


50 


2aUb2 


m.     Sphere;  omelette  cooked  in  a 

round  form. 
JSaI^a^^^  cidv.     Spherically,  in  the 

form  of  a  sphere. 
^yt^l,  ;*aM^o2  (^' — )    adj.   m. 

Spherical,  globular. 

\ayi()\]  f,     Spinage. 

j^mlf'  Asp,  adder.   See  uQau^uol. 

23^/Q>i  (I'i — )  [k.^Ux-\  lit.  rider]  /. 
A  piece  of  flat  wood  which  is 
bored  and  passed  over  the  helve 
of  the  spade  as  far  down  as  the 
blade,  to  be  as  a  foothold  by 
means  of  which  the  foot  presses 
the  spade  into  the  earth  in  digging 
or  working.    Comp.  p.  j^.    Aem. 

uiuuiuip» 

pa^o?]  Sparagus,  asparagus. 

iis^ykmi,  iHs^y^l  (;V_)  [A. 

J^^jA*o\,  J«a.y.x*;]   m.     A   quince, 

a  quince  tree. 
{sSi'Vfl??    [Eng.  spirit]   m.     Alcohol, 

a  strong  distilled  liquor, 
yfiboal,  colloq.  wOa>I,  JA^^lv.tSindv.i 

To  ascend,  to  rise,  to  be  expensive. 

p-  V-    ^a2,  /.      4s.tJLo2,    plur. 


VAaeH,  pres.  ;Ao^,  ^Ia^^  inf. 

ysXmi,  jLdlA>2  V.  n.  m.  Ascending, 
rising. 

JLtttoi   (JJA )     The    vowel     called 

}^Xti  ?A^f  when  it  occurs  before 
O  or  m;  as  in  ^2,  ^i^ykol. 

43all<A>2,  4s.^o^A>2  (;S^— )  /• 
Threshold.    Ass.  askuppu. 

^!^J0JS>1  [g.]  m.    Scythian. 

\^bCUQ>2  [A.  ^^Ua^]  /.  Robe,  vest- 
ment (rare  word). 

;10iQ)2,    coiioq.   ;vaAiI,    ;leuA2. 

(ji" )  /.    4sub ,  pfcj?Z.  one  who 

rises  or  ascends. 
jf^JOJo'l  (lis )  [a.  i>Ui-^\]  indecl.    A 

disabled    or    maimed    person    or 

thing;  damaged  goods. 
!^JAal,  ^^^Jtilaii  n.   Ascent,  rising. 
atol  /.  Fit  or  fits,  epilepsy.   See  S^2. 
ajBj2,  colloq.  ate*,  9m,o2  v.  t.  and  v.  i. 

To  bind,  to  tie,  to  stop,  to  muzzle ; 

to  yoke.   p.p.  2a<jQ>2,/.   ;^XJQ»2, 

plitr.  2L.02,  pres.  lyala,  lylala, 

inf.  ^ymlS,  VyktaiS. 
23J(a2  Mt.  m.    A  door-bar,  a  bolt. 
2aj(a2,  23Ia2  v.  n.  m.  Binding,  tying. 
2aiCa2  (2d )  m.  and/.  Conjunction; 


^iakf&l 


51 


}'iso%ub>\i 


a  belt,  girdle,  band,  tie  (Alk.  ver- 
sion Matt.  3.  4). 

^ytal,  ^yah  colloq.  ;iiiA,  ^iotl 

(^^3 )  ptcpl.  One  who  binds  or 

connects,  ^o^  .  3tA>2  'a  charmer, 
a  sorcerer'.  Jlf ab  ^y/S>i  'one  who 
binds  shieves  in  the  field'. 

tV^^fl?^  [a.  J-:^^r^^]  Israpheel,  the 
angel  who  will  sound  the  trumpet 
at  the  last  day. 

;^fkAl,  ;^>IiQ>2  n.  Binding. 

A    master,    teacher,    Lord    (Alk. 

version  Luke  16.  5). 
^i^fisA>2  [a.  Ls.j«.X**j\]  /  A  resignation 

of  an  office. 
23u£SA32,  23^»{^  [g- aoxTjp]  w.  a  coin, 

The  Turkish  coat  of  arms. 

^aJSA2,  ^^«>2  (Ja — )  [e.]  a  glass, 
a  tumbler.   See  A^ft>2    t.  ^^l^Lx^l. 

yA^tkOJ^  [t.  viUj;-co^\]  suh.  and  adj.  in- 
decl.  Extra;  something  on  the  top 
of  another,  a  superaddition. 

JQisoisal,  9^JSA>2  [&.  Ia6(j.6^]  m.  Isth- 
mus. 

iSiA^^AJ^  [a.  JUjcXaoI]  Alk.  Practice, 
use. 


2a)L^o2   [a.  S)Ij«.:Cx*j1]    The  practice 

of  augury. 
b^oi  (2  3 — )  [p.^U^l]  m.  The  lin- 

ing   or  covering  of  the  inner  side 

of  a  garment,  the  inner  side  of  a 

garment. 
23:Sfi>2,  23^^o2  /.   An  idol.    Comp. 

2*322,  ;sb3^lA^iy. 
3k*03^A>2  (23 — )  [from  Eng.]  m.  An 

asteroid,  a  planetoid. 
;Il3^iQ>2  (;!'_),/.  ;^_,   adj.    An 

Austrian. 
yAs^toi,   ^3^JQ>2   (^—)  [P-T. 

gJ^U^oT]   m.   and  /.    A  cotton  or 

linen  cloth  intended  specially  for 

lining.    See  ^i^aS^toi. 
23^2  TuE.  adv.   Now,  at  this  time. 
\Si2  Tub.  prep.   Upon,  on.  See  Xv*. 
y4^2  [a.  i^y^^  conj.  I  mean,  that  is, 

that  is  to  say.   See  JLjaJ. 
3^^^;^,  colloq.  MfiSerrj^,  330^*2  [A. 

^UXi\]  /.    Confidence,  trust,  credit. 

adl^ll^2  ihlai  'reliable,  trustworthy'. 
f    "     i' 

li^ohaifs^l   [a.  s.]    Confidence.    See 
preceding. 

aii^iby;^,  colloq.  aua^oj;;  [A.  >L»^\]  /. 

Faith,  belief. 

;|^03bd^^;;  [A.  s.]    See  preceding. 
"      *'  4* 


^2 


52 


i^^i 


\^i  conj.    Also,  too,  and. 

;32,  colloq.  ;3kl,  lAi  v.  t  To  bake 
bread,  i).^.  ;I^2,  ;I^2,/.  ^2, 
pliir-lAi,  IJ^I,  pres.^^^a,  ^^3, 

measure  of  capacity. 

So^l  Mould.'    See  ^0^2. 

23o52  (23 )   [h.  11BX]  wj.    Ephod. 

^0^2  /•  The  covering  or  coating  in- 
crusted  on  the  surface  of  a  liquid 
or  a  wet  substance  which  lies  long 
in  warm  and  damp  air,  mould. 

J^ol^l  (;$'_)  Mt.  m.  A  gibbet,  a 
club  used  to  throw  into  trees  to 
beat  down  fruit. 

•  O^ol^l  [g.  'AiroXXua)v]  Apollyon,  the 
destroyer,  used  in  Rev.  9.  12  for 
oaai  Abaddon. 

^fi^i  [a.  J-^i]  Alk.  adj.  indecl. 
Better,  more. 

^2>  colloq.  jl*^2  V.  n.  Baking. 

4sa*^2  colloq.  71.  Baking,  the  act  of 
baking. 

;u^2  (Jii"  — )  /•  ;^— ,  ptcpl.  Baker. 

^30tl5i  (i^ — )  adj.  and  n.  Epi- 
curian,  epicure. 

^^kOASafiU^i  Epicurianism. 


^fs^l  n.    Baking,  the  act  of  baking. 

!^4^i  (;SJ — )  A  piece  of  cloth  about 
the  size  of  square  yard,  used  as  a 
covering  for  dough  or  bread. 

%VS>^2  [comp.  A.  Ji]  adj.  m.  and  /. 
Palsied,  paralyzed. 

^JN^ibi,  vO\^2  Plato  the  philo- 
sopher; a  learned  man. 

^2,  y}i^i  conj.  Though,  although, 
notwithstanding. 

yiSA^i  [t.  ^^^\]  Master,  lord,  sir. 

«  OiQ>^2  [p.  oy*^"^]  *'^'  Charming  or 
training  of  snakes;  deceit. 

uftgftttAJ  (^— )  [p.  T.  ^s^^\]  A 
charmer  of  snakes,  an  enchanter. 

^^Ousaoo^i  [p-  T.  s.]  The  act  of 
charming  or  training  snakes. 

.^3.iJQ}^2,  JQ^o^A«iQ>^2  [a.  a^iv6tov]  m. 
absinthium,  wormwood. 

iSoJAtd^l  (^ \g.  Ittioxoitoi;]  Bishop. 

^^Ok^OfiUd^i  Episcopate,  Bishopric. 

al^oAjQ^^i  (;!'_)  /.  ;^— ,  adj.  Epis- 
copalian, episcopal. 

llsOit^6jAta!^l  Episcopalianism. 

23JSD^2  (2'S— )  [P.  ^L^l]  Alk.  A 
halter,  a  a  tether,  reins. 

;^2  (?J— )  »»^-  Grall-nut. 

;La>a^2,    ^A^i,  coiioq.   ;li.A42 


;<»o,n^i 


53 


i^^i 


(;!'_)  [p.  o^^  ^^^]  «#  A^ 

Afghan,  a  native  of  Afghanistan, 
the  Afghan  language. 

^^yJO^i  [g.  dcTToxpucpo?]  m.  Apocrypha. 

233k^2  [p.  «>j9^]  A  creature,  a  person; 
used  with  negative  e.  g.  ^>3  oS^ 
^A  233^^2  9^  4^o2  'there  is  not 
one  single  creature  in  the  wilderness'. 

^>^i  ^3^2  [P-  c?^^*]  ^w^-  "^wferj. 
Well  done!  hravo!  (an  expression 
of  applause). 

jlaa^i  (U- )  ^^i-    -^  native  or  an 

inhabitant  of  Africa,  an  African. 

ai^i,  colloq.  Miooi  [p.  ;LiX3l]  /.  Af- 
shar,  a  tribe  of  Turkomans. 

23X^2,  colloq.  21x001  (2*3 — )  [p. 
^Uxil]  An  Afshar,  a  member  of 
the  Afshar  tribe,  a  Musulman. 

;^03S^2,  colloq.  iStsOyXoai  Moham- 
medanism. 

^;;  (;K— )  [T.  s.  k^2,  i^2  =  ^3 

rope;  Jfts  being  a  diminutive  syllable] 

/'.  A  short  piece  of  rope  with  which 

the  ox-bow  is  fastened  to  the  yoke. 

3m£s£^2  [a.  j'-s:.'^^  Glorification,  pride. 

;L^^a^^i,  ;a^52  [G.  aTTo6-;]X7i]  /.  An 

apothecary's  shop. 

^^^^2,  \hi^i  (;S_,  ;3— )  [p. 


<*->LoT]  /.    A   ewer  with  a  narrow 
spout,  used  in  washing  the  hands 
after  meal  and  in  ablutions. 
23^^;;  (23—)  [A.  -*y^^]  /•  a  lie,  ca- 
lumny, falsehood,  unjust  imputation. 

4^52,  ;^9^352  (;^— ,  :K— )  [^• 

O^J^]  /.  Proof,  affirmation,  con- 
firmation; an  attainment,  achieve- 
ment. 

<^^2  (;K — )  /.  A  manuscript,  a 
transcript,  a  copy  of  a  book. 

;^^2  [T.  p.  .i^j^l?]  (^^_)  m. 
Precipice,  steep  cliffs  and  places, 
a  zigzag  road. 

^^2  [a.  J-o\]  m.  Origin,  source,  ca- 
pital, principle;  lineage,  family. 

A^i,  colloq.  ^^iadj.indecl.  Genuine, 
real.  »^^2  3l^  'false,  spurious'.  Jb 
A ^2  'without  foundation,   untrue'. 

;i'g2  [a.  U^l]  adv.  Never,  by  no  means. 

^Ji  (^'— )  m.  Nature,  origin,  kind, 
gender. 

£S«^m2  idt  adv.  Originally,  naturally. 

ftso^^i  [A.  ^^^^^]  (;'f — )/.  Appar- 
atus; odds  and  ends  of  household 
effects. 

;2Sg2,  vA^i  (^l— )  (^(fJ-  Original, 
real,  genuine,  essential. 


}kaS^i 


54 


;!ls2 


^fr^fhAu?  Authenticity,  genuineness. 

^^i  (;*— )  [T.  o^x-i,  o^i^^i]  m. 

A  lion;  a  surname  of  several  kings 
of  Persia;  also  used  as  a  name  of 
a  person. 
fSf^aJ^Mi  tolt.  adv.   Naturally,  essenti- 
ally. 

;lLi'gi,  coiioq.  ;Jaigi  (ju— ),  /• 

^^SaI >  «^i-    Natural,  physical. 

^£S0ui!Sm2  Naturalism,  nature. 

t^wi  (2^ }  [a.  lJU-oI]  m.  A  com- 
pany of  tradesmen,   shop-keepers. 

;^9^^52, 6s^^i  (;^I— ,  ;&— )  [a. 

OUSl]  /.   Proof;  achievement.    See 

ifJl^l.  Also  ^SLOl,  ^^jS2. 
yJ^M2,  v^^^2   [p.  j^l-^^^,  G-  oTTiva- 

Xtov]  /.  .Spinage. 
hli  [cf.  A,  ^■^,  ^s^-o]  /.    Epilepsy, 

fits. 
2a-j|  =  23m02  Tia.  Garner,  storeroom. 
SaJdl  [a.  J^^^J  /   Prosperity,  good 

fortune.  ^aitJ  j^  pa  'unfortunate'.  2ab(> 

^!3ktii  'fortunate'. 
^o^o!SAti;^    [A.    aui    JLSl]    A 

title;   gentleman   of  the   chamber, 

chief  groom  in  waiting. 
JyaLtij^  [a.  "^L^^J  ult  adv.  Fortunately, 

luckily,  happily. 


yMSkiUj^  [h.  JT]|5«]  m.  Carbuncle,  ruby; 
spinel;  garnet. 

i^pjal  (;!' — )  [a.]/.    Academy. 

^oai  (;&*—)  A  cut  or  slip  of 
grape-vine  for  planting;  a  wooden 
hook  tied  at  the  end  of  a  rope  to 
be  used  as  a  loop,  through  which 
the  other  end  of  the  rope  may  be 
run  for  fastening. 

ueio^sotii  =  .ol^>t}2  q.  V.  of  which 
it  seems  to  be  another  reading.  A 
strong  and  bitter  liquid;  wine 
undiluted  with  water. 

jtfcjbi  colloq.  V.  i.  To  be  cold  or  cool. 
P-  p.  1^2,  n.  ;Jua2,  >^Iti2. 
jotcpl.  ^AStJii.  pres.  JLiUiJ^b.  See 
SJtil. 

)!iti2,  i^^^^  ijM2,  plur.  I'iiSJbi,  Mt. 
-JsSiji)  ^L^^9  I'oot,  leg;  pace,  gait; 
proportion,  quantity.  jaoX^Ljiitii'bad 
omen'.  ;^3at3i*  ;^i  'pregnancy, 
conception'.  ;^mAm  ^iLbi  'con- 
stipation'. ^Sitti^  (vui^^  'diarrhoea'. 
.JbuM  ;Ioor  ^oS.tti  'may  your 
coming  be  blessed'.  %jUbl3 
ifSaJO  4sa  j^o^cdcp  'you  will  re- 
ceive in  proportion  to  your  work.' 
Af2  ;^i»  )S  oot?  ^l^ia  '^e  (^^n 


!P9.BLS,Bi 


55 


bai 


not  keep  pace  with  him',   'he  can 

not  do  like  him'. 
^j>jaSjci2  [A.  ^v^iJl  S^]  f.     Fee   or 

reward  for  the   attendance  of  the 

physician;   the    reward  of  a  mes- 
senger. 
;iO^S^J   (;» — )  [A.  f.^\   G.  xXTfia] 

m.    CHme,  climate.    See  ^v^Xh 
Ah?  [a.  "SIsl]  ult.  adv.   At  least. 
?Io\ihj^    [Gr-  ixxXrjoia]    m.      Church; 

congregation, 
fttfSj^lfil  (U )  <^dj.m.  Ecclesiastic, 

ecclesiastical. 
\l09*ta^SjOl  (la — )   [g.  exXsuj^i?]  m. 

Eclipse.    See  ^JOi^a!^iLti . 
^IsisjEil  (;K — )  /.    One  of  a  pair  of 

pantaloons,  a  trowser  leg. 
^ytil  [a.  ibyil]/.  Kindred,  near  rela- 
tives (used  only  in  the  singular). 
•  d^Atii   [Gr.  axpaxov]  m.    A   strong 

and  hitter  liquid;  wine  undiluted 

with  water. 
93±ij^   [a.  j\jS\]  f.    Acknowledgment, 

promise,  agreement;  confession. 
^b'itil  (jio — )  [a.  p.  ^U^i/1]  /. 

A  written  agreement,  a   contract. 
aJbi  V.  i.   To  be  cold  or  cool;  to  be 

discouraged,  p.p.  ;a!jJ2,  /.  ^**J2, 


plur.  ^SLtiil,  pres.  ^^,  )^^' 
inj.  ;aJaiS,  ^aJbjS.  yC^aJtiii  'J,au2 

'I  was  discouraged'. 

^jJOl  V.  n.  m.   Becoming  cold,  cooling. 

^AStJcil  (;i" — ),/.  ^ — ,  ptc^l  A  per- 
son or  a  thing  becoming  cold  or 
cool. 

VciSMl  (;a— )  [T.]  /.  Window.  Var. 

;ttxotjl,  ;iixtiL,  ihxoi^. 

4saJci2  n.  Cooling,  the  process  by 
which  something  becomes  cold. 

23 1  (2'S )  [t.  |;Ti  m.  Space,  interval, 

centre;  friendly  relation.   See  2aL. 

232  (2'a )w.  The  price  paid  for  grind- 
ing wheat  or  the  like  by  a  mill. 
See  2"ai«.    Comp.  2ayi^2. 

232  V.  i.  To  coagulate,  to  curdle  (as 
4siQ)bb  matzoon)  to  thicken,  p.  p. 
^32,  /.  <^32,  plii'V.  IfSil  pres.  jls^, 
inf.  i^^)S,    See  ;^32. 

232  Alk.  v.  t.  To  seize,  arrest,  to 
take  hold  of,  to  catch,  p.p.  ^3JJ, 
/.  .^32,  plur.  ;*32,  pres.  JIaS^si,  inf. 

232  V.  i.  and  v.  t.   To  snow,  to  hail.  /. 

^32  to  rain  (usually  written  23iM  )• 
^532,  Jb2 32  [t.  p.  c_;l^T]  Water  already 

used  for  washing,  waste  water  (com- 


daai 


56 


AiM 


monly  used  in  the  plural,  a  is 
aspirated). 

asth'l  (ja )  [a.  <-j>^j\]  m.  A  pro- 
prietor, superior,  boss. 

^fSfl6a^i  Proprietorship,  bossism. 

;mi  (;*_)  [A.  ^^,  p.  ^,\j\]  f.  A 

cart,  wagon,  carriage;  See  ^yit. 

v^al  (jIL-)  [p.  T.  ,y^<^\j)\]  A 
carter,  a  driver,  charioteer,  wag- 
oner. 

^IsOuajJaial  The  act  of  driving,  the 
work  or  trade  of  driving. 

^ai,  Alk.  y^ai/.   ^our. 

^bl  m.  Four,  ji^asi  ^hl  'four 
by  four',  'fours'.  ;b9jca  l^Sihl  'four 
fifths',  'four  parts'. 

laata^ai,  ^sueo^SI  ?3t3Viai  ^». 
Wednesday. 

^^ioAaai,MT.  .ooi^ao^ai  All  four 
of  them. 

u^ai,  Sal.  ^a2  (^— )  Forty. 

JjAaai  Forties,  forty  days;  a  cere- 
mony celebrated  on  the  fortieth 
day  after  birth,  and  occasionally 
on  the  fortieth  day  after  death. 

SbCo^ai  (la )  Fourteen. 

2aiC9^ai  Fourteens,  fortnight;  the 
fourteenth   day   after   death  which 


is  observed  with  certain  religious 
ceremonies. 

y^^A^ai,  M^o^ai  AH  four  of 
them. 

^^Saai,  uiis^ai  Ale.  Same  as 
preceding. 

liAai  V.  i.  and  v.  t.  To  have  or  to 
cause  to  have  spasms  or  convulsions, 
to  convulse,  p.  p.  ^JiLA^aoI;  /• 
.^ii^aol,  .^^ae2,  plur.  ^i^X^aoI, 
pres.  ^oi^ai,  inf.  ^oS^aiS. 

^it^SkVai  {Xi )  ptcpl'  One  subject  to 

convulsions,  convulsive,  spasmodic; 
causing  convulsions. 

^^A\  ^j  n.  A  muscular  contraction 
of  the  body  or  some  parts  of  it, 
chiefly  of  the  hands  and  feet;  spas- 
modic contraction  of  muscles,  con- 
vulsion, spasms,  cramp,  twisting. 

uoV^ai,  o\_ai  [a.  y^^\]  /.  A  request, 
solicitation;  hope. 

. oX^ai ,  yolai  [p.  o'>^.)^] ^^^' *^-  A^K- 

Purple,  deep  red,  a  purple  dye;  a 

purple  robe. 
^o^ai  (^' )  [Ass.  argamannu]  m. 

Purple.    Same  as  preceding, 
y v\^  3  adv.    In  a  soliciting  manner, 

entreatingly. 


Isil 


57 


,o; 


Ihhi  [A.  Jf>j\]  Mt.  /.  The  floor, 
ground. 

2932  V.  i.  and  v.  t  To  curdle,  to  co- 
agulate, p.  p.  ;l33o2,  /.  ^?^o2, 
plitr.  ^33o2,  pres.  ^oo^hl,  ^9?^^' 
inf.  loo^hiS,  Uo^^l^' 

23^2  [a.  p.  and  t.  »>l;i]  /.  A  written 
document  expressing  the  sovereign's 
will;  a  mandate,  a  ferman. 

^332,  ^'&^'l  (pt — )  \P-  ^^^/»  ^)^ 
flour,  i__j\  water]  /.  A  watery  and 
tasteless  food,  a  semi-liquid  food 
for  animals  made  of  water  and 
flour,  mash,  bran;  slop. 

i,^3u0332  [p.  ^y.y>_;^]  A  Persian 
legislator  who  flourished  about  the 
year  200  of  our  era. 

;u332  (;i'_),/.  ^ — .ptcpl.Qo^g- 
ulative,  coagulator. 

/^332  n.  Curdling,  coagulation,  the 
act  of  changing  from  a  liquid  to 
a  thickened  state. 

;l^o32,  ;^,o32  (;»_  ;iy_)iJM- 

One     who     breaks     wind.      Var. 

^S^\#>St?    ^9^^  ■^^^'    Thick,  heavy. 

LiDz.  S.  S.  406. 
4sCk032  Alk.   a  pack  or  load  for  one 


side  of  a  pack  animal,  a  half 
load. 

^03j^  (^" — )  m.  Alms,  charity  (com- 
monly used  in  the  singular). 

4sJ!J032  n.   Spittle,  saliva. 

^032  (j5i )  ad^.  m.   Ductile. 

^^OX032  Ductility. 

;3j:b32  (;*■ — ), /.  ^ — ,  Ductible, 
ductile. 

^^o&iiosi  Ductibility,  ductility. 

^fsi  (jf 32)  wi.    Cedar,  cypress  tree. 

^f  32  ()^f  32)  [cs.]  m.  An  ordinance,  a 
mystery,   secret;  sacrament;  mass. 

^^Jlaa^OfSi  [t.  o^^y  o^jj^]  A 

kind  of  large  2^S^. 
,»    " 

uj-ifsi   (^'— )    [p.  ^^j^\?]   m.    A 

kind  of  apple, 
uf  32  [cf.  A.  (^^^^]  Arable  lands,  lands. 
JaaUf  32,  ^iLaL^f  32  [cf.  p.  ^yj^^  and  k. 

i-^^^l]  Surroundings,  environs,  out- 
skirts. 
.  f  32  V.  i.  and  v.  t   To  be  cheap,  to 

cheapen,    to    make    cheap,    p.  p. 

;lf302,/  ^f3o2,  ^f3o2  plur. 

1^9^02,  pres. l^o^h 2,  i>/-;40f32^. 
^bi;   Alk.  ^'ai  or  ^ij  [p.  ^j^\] 

adj.  indecl.  Cheap,  low  priced,  low. 

K.    i^^jj\    AbM.  uip<fiu^j  uiJ-uib. 


jNMtbi 


58 


^ii 


^fiSO&fSi  Cheapness;  a  time  of  cheap- 
ness and  plenty, 
y&^bi  adj.  Cheap. 

^JJfsi  (^4— )'  '^^ — '  ^^^'  ^^^'' 
taining  to  ordinances,  with  or- 
dinances of  the  church. 

uA&fsl  Mt.   a  species  of  fig. 

^JklfSi  (;i — ),  ^M — ,  ptcpl.  One 
who  lowers  the  market  or  cheapens 
goods. 

/^fdl,  ^^OUfSl  n.  Cheapening; 
rendering  cheap,  lowering  the 
market. 

lyhl  (;^a:32,  Mt.  i^a^'il)  /•  A 
water-mill,  a  mill. 

;Ah2,  Sal.  ;^3j^  (^'^i  ^^i)  ^'^-  ^^^ 

/.    A  guest,  a  visitor,  company. 
Ji^OuMSi  A  banquet,  a  feast,  the  state 

of  being  a  guest. 
wwMdi  [t.  o^lsi.^;^  cA'^'^j^]  adj.  indecl. 

Sure,  careless,  fearless. 
Jt^o&MMdi  Fearlessness,  carelessness; 

security. 

if—)  [T.  c^<^j\,  ^j\]  f.  An 
undercoat,  a  kind  of  lined  jacket 
which  is  worn  by  both  men  and 
women. 


^bi  V.  t  To  break  wind,  to  vent  wind 
from  the  bowels  by  the  anus.  p.  p. 
;i^a2,  /.  i^Jil,  plnr.  ^bil,  pres, 
;i^3;a,  V.  n.  ;i^32,  n.  ^32, 
^32*. 

;iai,  Sal.  ^^l  {dual  ^Jii,  plur. 
^^ooi,  ^^ou'Si)  Lion. 

;:3i,  Sal.  ;:s2  (;;3i,  ;«sol3i)  a 

holiday,  a  festival.    See  ^ii. 
^52  V.  i.  To  coagulate,  to  curdle,  p.p. 

iL^lf'  ^32,  pres.  ;I3;3,  w.  ;l32, 

4s*32,  ptcpl  ^hii. 
^bl  /,   A  dish  made  of  molasses  and 

the  meal  of  parched  corn  or  wheat ; 

a  kind  of  thick  molasses. 
^3  2  A  lioness. 
5Ujj32  coUoq.  V.  n.   To  be  long,  to  be 

extensive;  to  delay,  p.  p.  ^32,  /. 

>^92,  pliir.  ^92. 
^32  (ja — )  ac?;'.    Mt.  Long. 
m32  [Skt.  ari/a]  m.  Aryan  (race). 
Hi32  [t.  o^.j?j   lit.   matter,   pus]   a^^. 

indecl.     A  very  disagreeable  and 

quarrelsome  person;  miser. 
^32  (^" — )    A  rainy  day,  a  rainy 

time.    See  ^3^. 
^92  QjL )  m.  ptcpl.  Anything  that 

curdles  or  can  be  curdled. 


;iuS2 


59 


ts^^ioai 


?A*3{^  [^'  C^^i;]  Sweet  basil,  an 
odoriferous  herb. 

hCLal  colloq.  V.  t  To  spit.  ptc})!. 
^ijLii,  n.  Ijolhl,  >^32.  See  Jdbl. 

^^1  n.    Raining,  snowing,  hailing. 

4s*32  n.  Curdling,  coagulating,  the 
state  of  being  curdled. 

^32  (;SJ — )  /.  A  patch,  patch- 
work.  See  ^MiaL. 

^s2  (j&I — )  /.  Holly-hock,  rose 
mallow  with  flowers  of  various 
colors  which  are  applied  as  a 
remedy  for  ulcers. 

ijn»\;y>»u52  [o.  apiQixTQ-cixTj]  /.  Arith- 
metic. 

iS*^i3L^tX3JSA32  adv.  Arithmetically. 

?J1>V^V>iS*32  (;!' — ),  /.  >^Lo — ,  adj. 
Arithmetician. 

<^3i  (}a)  [g.  ap;(6(;]  5>L  Tower,  a  small 
citadel. 

4^32  Mt.  v.  i.  To  be  long,  to  take  a 
long  time,  to  continue.  ]).  x?.  Ja*32, 
pres.  ^aa^b. 

Jaal  V.  n.  Growing  long,  the  state  of 
being  lengthened,  extension. 

;aa2  (;b_)  [p.  ^^^j\]  f.  A  small 
saw. 

;^aQo^iaai(;5— )  [G.]  Archbishop. 


Archdeacon. 

^^OkoCLak^bi,  ;^oiafiU^32  Arch- 
deaconry. 

^oaai  yoabi  (^ — )  [g.  apx«)v]  A 
chief,  a  governor;  a  title  given  to 
a  high  official  administrator  in  a 
diocese,  archon. 

JDOSk'Si  [g.  apxo?]  An  order  of  angels, 
principaKties  (used  only  in  the 
plural). 

«a32  (ji— )  (T.  ^j^]  m-  and  /. 
Mediator,  a  go-between,  peace- 
maker. 

oi^S^ai    [g.  apxiirsXayo?]     Archi- 


pelago. 

^3  2      (^'— )  =  v?***?^^^     ^^^^" 

deacon. 
^32  n.  The  state  of  being  lengthened, 

extension. 
^^32  [o.  apxxixo;]  Arctic. 
4^32  (;!k;— )   [T.  &Jb'^]     Space,    in- 

terval;   public,   common.     JiAais 

'between',  'among',  liAaibB  \^^ 

'to  be  lost  to  sight,  to  disappear 

from  public  view'. 
£S*J[!X)3i  adv.  In  the  Hellenistic  Greek 

language. 


fiv>;io9] 


60 


\&ii 


^^32  cidv.  In  the  Aramaic  or  Syriac 
language. 

«2l^Ob032  (^ )  [t.]/.  Barren  (animal). 

^odbsi  /.  A  masculine  woman  (said 
contemptuously  of  a  barren  woman). 

^Qbobi  (;l' — )  [g.  apjiovia]  Har- 
mony, harmonica, 

^obobi  (^SJ — )  /.  Pomegranate. 
Yar.   ;loboS2,      ^iobos,     ;xaoob 

^I^ai  (jll' )  adj.    Hellenic,  Greek, 

heathen,  gentile. 

^llaoii  (iH )  adj.  Aramean,  Syrian, 

Aramaic,  Syriac. 

^^Oubbsi  Hellenism,  heathenism. 

^^flu^ai  Aramaism. 

A»*ioai  (^' — )  m.    A  widower. 

^JSo\^3i  Widowhood,  widower- 
hood. 

^ISMboSi  (jS* — )  A  widow. 

i\apai  V.  i.  To  become  a  widower,  jj.^. 
}^ho2,f.  :is^'^o2,  .^L^bol, 
plur.  i^hol,  pres.  ii^oboai. 

;Li»Di,  )Siohl  (;i— )  [cs.]  Mt.  m.. 
A  widower. 

;^<Ah09i,  ;^Ab03i  Mt.  widow- 
hood, widowerhood. 

^"^32  (I'i^ — )  A  widow. 


4s^32?2.  The  state  of  being  a  widow 
or  widower. 

^MiJLLboSl  adv.  In  the  Armenian 
language. 

;Iii9a2,  Sal.  ^^isohl  (l^—),  f-  <^— , 
adj.   An  Armenian. 

^^Ou3.M32  Armenianism. 

Jiaoai  adj.  m.   An  Arminian. 

^^oiliSeSi  Arminianism. 

^ao&ai  Tel.,  ;|uai  [cs.]  /.  A  hare, 
a  rabbit. 

aooAsi  (23 — )  [t.  >^Uj^\]  n.  and  adj. 
A  large  and  stout  man;  an  Al- 
banian. 

UB>32  [a.  \Zi^\]  f.  Patrimony,  an  in- 
heritance, heritage. 

;L32  (i'fy—)  /  Earth,  land,  soil, 
ground,  back-ground. 

Ji&Lai  (ji' )  adj.    Earthy,  earthly. 

JS^^iLai  uJt.  adv.  Terrestrially,  after 
an  earthly  manner. 

^liLsi,  coiioq.  ;2Lhi  (;l» — , «;» — ) 

adj.  Earthy,  earthly,  pertaining  to 
this  world,  made  of  earth. 

ilft^ouiLai^.EarthlinesSjterrestrialness. 

iS^ai  V.  i.  and  v.  t.  To  reel  (as  the 
result  of  a  blow),  to  stagger,  to 
cause  to  stagger,  p.  2)-  ^!!k^ao2,/. 


f^3^ 


61 


,Saxl 


pres.  ;iSo^ai. 

One  who  staggers. 

.^i^ai,  ;^flA^9i  n.  The  state  or 
condition  of  a  staggerer,  stagger- 
ing. 

jEihl  V.  t    To  spit.    ])'  P-  ;Ltt*32,  /. 

^)^/.;Jb3;^.  Yar.^l^a,  yfiUa,  wtt.a2. 

^32  y.  n.    Spitting. 

\h^?  v.  i.  and  v.  t  To  delay,  to  wait, 
to  expect,  to  continue,  to  cause  to 
delay,  p.  p.  xHtihol,  /.  .^iS^902, 
>^^!^9o2,  phtr.  xikjahol,  pres. 
i^obai.    See  \tibX. 

;Lia3i  (;i*— ),/.  ^— ,  ptcpi 

Delayer,  one  who  delays;  slow. 

>^^\tt9i,  ;^0]iS^92  n.  Delay,  pro- 
crastination. 

^Jdsl  (Ui — ),/.  >iuub— ,  ptcpl 
One  who  spits. 

^stiai  ?*•    Spitting,  expectoration. 

<S32  [cs.]  V.  ?'.  and  v.  t.  To  draw  out 
or  expand  (a  ductile  metal). 

«2  (;x;S2)  Mt.  [t.  ^^.]  /.  The 
rate  of  speed  in  motion;  pace, 
gait;  attack;  assault.    See  jtx. 


JSii  Mt.  v.  t.   To  inherit,  to  possess. 

See  ^yl. 
liih^opkhl  (im — )  [g.  6p665o$o?]  m. 

Orthodox,  /.  >^LjKDCkb3^92. 

^^ooaoa^Si,  ^loaosi^ai  n.  Or- 
thodoxy. 

Jllsk^JSai  [g.  apTYjpia]  m.  Artery  (rare). 

w^dsai  Mt.  v.  t  and  v.  i.    To  stir. 

a^  imp.  Hush!  be  silent!  Used  also 
as  an  interjection.  It  is  an  ab- 
breviation of  the  imp.  bboJSXj^  or 
JdoitA  from  the  verb  Jtiiisst  'to  be 
silent'. 

^X2  TiA.  V.  i.  To  come,  p.  p.  ^2,,  /. 
;3US2,  pres.  ^^. 

;bj52  To  sup.    See  ^atL. 

^fO^Jxif  [t.  ,^j^^\  ur^3]  indecl.  The 
master  of  work,  one  who  has  the 
charge  of  the  provisions  at  a  feast 
or  wedding. 

Ji^iucZ  colloq.  =  A  '^Y  q.  v.  m.  The 
fifth  month  of  the  year,  February, 
answering  to  the  latter  part  of 
January  and  the  first  part  of 
February. 

IkLiiiXl  colloq.  =  ltS>t''1^  The  seventh, 
a  seventh  part. 

iAa»||  TiA.  and  Alk.     Seven. 


,saxl 


62 


Jtsothxl 


Ssm^  Tkh.    Same  as  preceding. 
3jCDi^i3X2  Ash.    Seventeen. 
^l'rt^\ht^     TiA.    and    Alk.     Seven 

hundred. 
;?ifliVnt2,   l^l^axl  Tkh.    Same  as 

preceding. 
lojyxl  ^dt  [p.  U.>j^l]  A  dragon,  a  large 

serpent;    See  Joysfi. 
9b.box2  m.    The  planet  Jupiter.    See 

y.9^SObO.    Correctly  alfibfL. 
90S2  Ashur,  the  highest  god  of  the 

Assyrians. 
|i^30X2  [cf.   T.  d.^^yl^\]   m.    A   belt 

across   the    shoulder   for  carrying 

small  arms,  a  cartridges  belt. 
la,i  Supper.    See  ^L. 
^2      (;&*—)      [k-    >.:^\]    Ava- 

lanch. 
Jlaa2  Another  reading  of  JlaaJ^,  pivot 

of  a  door. 
^^    Dual  ;bJK2,  plur.  ;&aa2,    w. 

Testicle. 
uajsi  (jij— )  [T.  ^^^]  Mt.  m.  and  /. 

A  cook.    See  ^f^t?, 
,^S»MS2  /.    A  testicle. 
iiva52  {i^—)  also  i^2  [T.  JiUil] 

f.   Latch,  a  catch  for  a  door;  de- 
sign,  plot;  pull. 


v^a^ij  (^_)  [T.  ^=^-^1]  adj.  A 
keeper  or  driver  of  donkies. 

^^SLl  [p.  <J^-i^l,  d.^JSJ:i\]  f.  Broth, 
juice  of  meat  slightly  cooked ;  broth 
with  pieces  of  bread. 

03b£kakX2  /.  A  kind  of  herb  the  root 
of  which  is  eaten  raw ;  Tab.  biestings, 
fresh  or  curdled. 

ViciSl  [P-  ^^^\]  adj.  indecl.  Clear, 
manifest,  evident.    Arm.    uiiJiuipiuj. 

MiO^aXl  Sal.  /.  A  torrent,  a  violent 
flow. 

^^X)^;^  (;K — )  /.  A  piece  of  land, 
an  acre,  a  measure  of  area. 

%Sha2KX2  [t.  ^^^^^\]  To  fester  and 
discharge  corrupt  matter,  (said  of 
a  wound)  construed  with  Joo/. 

^is!Lil  [t.  «*M^X)-iol]  m.  A  purgative 
medicine,  cathartic. 

jjsS<«2  [t.  cx«i;)l  ?]  adv.  adj.  Moder- 
ately, tolerably;  tolerable. 

Jlixl  [P-  ^-^^]  A  friend,  an  acquaint- 
ance, a  companion. 

;^oJjc2,  ;^Q^,  coUoq.  ^m^l, 

Friendship,  acquaintance,  intimacy. 
yAi2  Mt.   a  kind  of  apple. 

f'^'f]  (X^ ")  [p.  }^]  m.  and/.  Cook. 

;^0^2  Cookery. 


;L>>^ti 


63 


;n2 


Kitchen,  restaurant,  cuisine, 
\fibsi(iy'— )  [T.  Jlii:^!?]  w.    Ingre- 
dients,  baser    ingredients,    foreign 
elements  also  isJttiiOl  Sjtkxl. 

lixl  (23 )  [h.  ^^^^f]  m.   Asherah, 

a  Semitic  goddess,  the  consort  of 
Bel.     See  :sb^^JQ»^. 
uSbxl    [t.]    adj.    indecl.      Stout    and 
fast  growing  (child  or  young  of  an 
animal),  fast  growing  (plant).    See 

uA>ad;2  [t.  ,^\)^^^J?  lit.  between 
acts]  a  cup  of  wine  taken  between 

meals. 

ui^aai  (jl— )  [P-  C5V^]  wi.  Ashrefee, 
Shereefee,  a  Persian  gold  coin 
equivalent  to  two  dollars  and 
twenty-seven  cents. 

;^ois'i3:2,  £S3d:2,  23^2  [a.  ijli^\]  f. 
Reference,  pointing,  mark,  signal, 
wink,  hint. 

i^lf.    Six. 

^l  m.  Six.  fyi^  ^2  'six  by  six'. 
jliAO  .^2  'six  sevenths,  six  parts'. 

:^l  (;'^—.,  ;"^— )  /•  Bottom, 
foundation,  basis;  fundament,  but- 
tock; anus;  sole  (of  a  shoe). 


^2  (:&*—,  ;^_)/-  The  con- 
cluding part,  end,  conclusion,  ter- 
mination; the  root  of  a  plant. 

^2j  f'  The  remainder  of  any  thing, 
sediment,  dregs,  ^bsbo  ^^2  'rubbish, 
odds  and  ends,  remnants'. 

^2  /.    Fever. 

;;^2iN3B2  Tkh.     Six  hundred. 

oai^x2,  oaj!^:,  [a.  U^xi^i]  /  Appe- 
tite, desire,  wish.  oajftOJ23  )Sa,A 
'to  eat  with  relish'. 

Mo^iisAO^x2,  u^io^s2,  yomisioisxl 

Mae.    All  six  of  them. 
^isxl  (jl— )  Sixty. 
;I^*isx2  (?1— )  m.    Sixth,  one  sixth. 
;;t0^JB2,  Tkh.  J;*^*;;   six  hundred. 
ai6i-i5a2  Sixteen. 

yOao|s403kj66-isx2All  sixteen  of  you. 
^36sX2,  k^a^2  [e.]/-   ^  pecuniary 

penalty,  fine. 
2b90*.^isx2   Hexaemeron,     an     ac- 

count  of  the  six  days   of  creation. 
MO;(4is^2    Mt.   Mo^^fto(2    Ashit. 

All  six  of  them. 
{S2   TiA.     There  is,  there  are.     See 

^«2. 
I6s2  'V'  t-  and  V.  i.    To  come,  to  draw 

near,  to  occur;  to  fit;  to  enjoy;  to 


^b\ 


64 


^NoV^^i 


succeed;  to  be  fruitful.  p.^J-  ^£s2,  /. 
^6sl,  plnr.  Jjj^2,  Mt.  ^jsl,  pres. 

ik^,  coiioa.  ;I^*3,  Mt.  i,ia, 
inf.  ;:i;[S.   Var.  ^i,  ;^2,  ^i, 

crops  are  good.'  ;i'^2  ;a»a^  Joyl 
u^  \^  'I  enjoyed  this  supper'. 
^^^2  ^M  \^af  oSon  'lie  succeeded'. 

C3fis2  t^-  i'  To  sit,  to  sit  down,  to  sit 
up;  to  dwell,  to  settle  down;  to 
rest;  to  watch.    See  csfisl. 

;ja^2  (ji'— ),  /•  ^ —  i^^cp?.  One 
who  sits  or  settles,  an  inhabitant. 

^kol  V.  n.  m.  Sitting,  dwelling,  set- 
tling. 

issis^  [A.  CjU^'^]  Alk.  Proof,  evidence. 
See  iS3ml. 

<^^2  w.  Sitting,  dwelling. 

^oJS2  (jli' )  [Ass.  attmu,  utiinu]  m. 

Furnace. 

JS*2ao^2  cidv.  In  the  Assyrian  lan- 
guage. 

^30JS2  (il' — )  adj.  An  Assyrian,  be- 
longing or  relating  to  Assyria. 

;^o^2  (;&:_,  ;&o_)  [cs.]  /.  a 

letter,  character,  sign,  type. 
^^>«0^2  ult.  adv.    Literally,  letter 
by  letter. 


^^OJSi  {il — )  adj.  m.    Literal. 
lt,is2  V.  n.  m.    Coming,  arriving,  oc- 
curence, event. 
Akisl  colloq.  V.  i.  and  v.  t  To  sit,  to 

dwell,   ptcpl    ;liukl,   n.    ^isi, 

^^2.    See  s36f^. 
;I^ou^2  (Jt— )   [G.  AlQlo^]  adj.  m. 

Ethiopian,  belonging  or  relating  to 

Ethiopia. 
^JS2    (;Li" — ),/.    4su —    One  who 

comes,    a    comer.     jLJiJ^f2    pl*JS2 

'visitors,  callers,  guests'. 
^oeu^i,  ^fiL^2[G.'?j9ixa)v]/.  Ethics, 

moral  science. 
6s*^6^a^6si  ult  adv.   Morally. 
^^oiafiL^i,  ;^Owlat3U6s2  Morality, 

upright  conduct. 
9miJK2  [g.  al9rjp]  m.   Esther  (rare). 
I^lsi  n.  Coming,  arriving.  ,^ix^a  ^^2 

'coming  and  going,  intercourse'. 
^6^2  colloq.  adv.   So,  thus,  likewise. 

See  Raiser. 
Shsi  (^— )  [^'^\  J^''^  A  horse- 
man, cavalier. 
V^^\  (^— )  [^-  «9XYixr]?]  m.   An 

athlete,  champion,  a  warrior. 
ft-tPV  Ak?  lilt.  adv.   Athletically. 
Jl^o^^Atsi  Athletics,  contest. 


^isi^M 


65 


;^o»Ubai2Lxtio 


[g.  'AxXavTixo?]  m.  Atlantic 
(ocean). 

jgSisi  (^ )  [g-  axXa;]  in.  A  col- 
lection of  maps  bound  together, 
atlas. 

JOstJ^Ss'l  (Uo )   "^-     ^  satin  fabric, 

satin. 

/Si^I  [<j-  a.zo[Loi\  m.    Atom. 

\aiisl  [Ass.  itimali]  The  day  before 
yesterday,  yesterday. 

;^o£S^^2,  ^^"^^  [A.cu»U>\]/.  Obe- 
dience to  a  command,  submission, 
loyalty. 

;^ai^^^2,  Ja^^Z  [a.  ^li^l]  Unity, 
concord,  compact. 

yMiJSI^JSj^  [cs.]  Ephphata  'be  opened', 
(Mark  7.  34). 

23^2  (;&o_),  [cs.]  Mt.  itso—\ 
coUoq.  M^^o ,  Country,  land,  home. 

diaS^i  Eng.  /.  Attraction. 

;ili3^2,  ilWl  (ij'—)  adj.  m.  Of  or 
belonging  to  country;  local;  [rare]. 

«^3^2  {i^—)  [A.  ^\^\]  m.  and/. 
A  subject  of  a   certain  landlord. 


who  owns  property  in  another  land- 
lord's soil;  a  foreigner;  an  outsider. 

^JSOudsJsi  The  state  or  condition  of 
being  an  u53ftv2. 

;^9^2  (;SJ — )  /.  A  tumor,  gland. 
Var.  ;^^^2,  ;^3X2. 

^^OfOS^l  [p.  ^jV^i^'^j  A  pyrotechnic 
display,  the  use  of  fireworks. 

;L^£S2  [P-  ^J^  ^'\]  /.  The  nipple 
of  a  firearm;  the  inside  of  a  gun- 
barrel. 

A3:is2  TiA.  ^^2  Tkh.  /.   Nine. 

jikS^^  TiA.  jijtfisi  AsHiTH.  m.  Nine. 

wJbais2  Ninety. 

:;A^JS;;,  l^JaoLSJt^sl  "I'ia.  Nine 
hundred. 

;;ia;VJCJS2 ,  ;;^l!kS^2  Tkh.  Nine 
hundred. 

3kA>ViSis2  Nineteen. 

m074^^^2'  ^^^^;^  Teh.  All  nine 
of  them. 

M»3>^is2  (;is — )   [p.  ^^-^^.  ^^ 

m.  and/.    A  fire  worshipper. 
;^o^jQ33Axi\2  [p.  s.j  n.  Fire  worship. 


VITA. 

The  author  was  born  April  25,  1853,  in  Urmi,  Persia. 
Having  received  his  preliminary  education  in  the  town-school 
and  at  home,  he  entered  Urmi  College,  Urmi,  Persia  in  1864. 
He  took  a  six  years'  course  which  involved  the  study  of  Oriental 
languages,  as  Syriac,  Arabic,  Persian,  Armenian,  Science  and  Theo- 
logy. He  gTaduated  in  1870.  In  1870  received  also  his  appoint- 
ment to  give  instruction  in  Oriental  languages  in  Urmi  College, 
until  1886  when  he  was  called  to  America  to  assist  in  the  revision 
of  the  Scriptures  in  Modern  Syriac  under  the  auspices  of  the  Bible 
Society.  He  entered  the  General  Theological  Seminary,  New  York 
in  1888  and  graduated  in  1890.  He  founded  the  Oriental  Mission 
and  joined  it  to  St.  Bartholomew's  Church,  New  York.  He 
was  promoted  to  the  Holy  orders  of  Priesthood  by  Bishop  Potter 
of  New  York  in  1891. 

In  1893,  he  entered  the  School  of  Philosophy  of  Columbia 
University,  to  pursue  his  studies  in  some  of  the  Semitic 
languages  under  Prof.  R.  J.  H.  Gottheil,  and  Indo-Iranian  under 
Prof.  A.  V.  W.  Jackson,  and  received  the  degree  of  A.  M.  in  1895. 

In  1895  he  was  appointed  Lecturer  in  Modern  Oriental 
languages  at  Columbia,  and  was  candidate  for  the  degree  of 
Doctor  of  Philosophy,  his  subjects  being  the  Semitic  and  Indo- 
Iranian  languages. 

He  is  now  engaged  in  giving  instruction  in  the  Oriental 
languages  in  Columbia  University,  and  is  in  charge  of  the  Oriental 
Mission  of  St.  Bartholomew's  church. 


Of    y^p     • 

OF 


PRINTED    BY   W.   DRTJQTJLIN,   LEIPZIG. 


v(v\  "  •  ^^ 


'^<ilx'i  ♦  'Vt. 


1^    .  '■•''Sra 


^>'r 


